CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION PIER Program Overview National Renewable Energy Laboratory February 2002 Terry Surles, Ph.D California Energy Commission

CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION Vision Statement The future electrical system of California will provide a clean, abundant and affordable supply tailored to the needs of “smart”, efficient customers and will be the best in the nation. Tailored, clean, abundant, affordable supply Smart, efficient customers

CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION California has Established a $62M/yr Public Interest Energy Research Program (PIER) California’s Energy Future Economy: Affordable Solutions Quality: Reliable and Available Environment: Protect and Enhance

CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION Attributes for Addressing State Issues Program Integration Balanced Technology Portfolio - Temporal -Technology -Risk Technology Partnerships - Universities - Industry - Federal Focus on California - Specific to State needs

CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION CEC/PIER is Starting to Work Effectively with DOE/EERE  Office of Building Technology w long-term relationship in building systems w LBNL is a critical contributor  Office of Power Technology w reliability work has already produced systems in use by CAL/ISO w interactions in geothermal and biomass technology activities w new initiatives in distributed energy resources w Collaborations in wind turbine technology and BIPV  Office of Industrial Technology w DAS assisted in getting CEC “Industries of the Future” started w co-lead technology fairs have been a hit

CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION PIER Public Benefit Objectives  Improve energy cost/value  Improve environment, public health, and safety  Improve electricity reliability/quality/sufficiency  Strengthen the economy  Provide consumer choice

CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION How We Got Here: History of CA Energy RD&D Programs  California has historically been a leader in energy innovations and advancements in science  Legislation in the early 1980’s mandated public interest research programs by California’s major investor- owned utilities  IOU RD&D programs were regulated by the CPUC and totaled about $120 million/yr. before deregulation in the mid-90’s  IOU RD&D programs declined precipitously in the mid-90’s

CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION PIER Program Legislative History  AB 1890 (September 1996) established a new policy (Public Goods Charge) to support w public interest energy research (PIER), w renewable market support (CEC), and w energy efficiency market support (CPUC)  SB 90 (November 1997) created the Public Interest Energy Research Trust Fund  AB 995/SB 1194 (September 2000) continued PIER program for another 10 years (through 2011) at $62.5 M/yr.

CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION PIER Projects Related to Major Topics Funding (in millions) Supply$82 Renewables, EPAG Demand$50 Buildings, Ind/Ag/Water System / Environment$47 Strategic, Environmental

CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION PIER Funding Overview: Mechanisms  Interagency/Intergovernmental agreements  Competitive and Programmatic solicitations  Sole-source contracts  Collaborative research with DOE, NYSERDA, GTI, EPRI, ASERTTI

CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION PIER Research Partners

CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION Our R&D Program Must Address Future Market Scenarios Regulated De-regulated De-centralizedCentralized Status Quo New energy systems Same players Supermarket of Choices Same energy systems New players

CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION Given Our Limited Budget and California Characteristics, We’re Not Going to...  Build the next GCM or other large scale models  Work on Generation IV nuclear technologies  Work on most Vision 21 coal technologies  Duplicate other efforts well-funded by DOE, EPRI and others  Duplicate specific R&D already funded by industry

CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION Renewable Energy  Affordability w Find new ways to reduce costs or increase efficiency w Capable of providing peak power, or supply ancillary services  Reliability w Demonstrate tools that predict resource availability and system dispatchability w Develop hybrid systems that improve reliability and dispatchability  Safety and Power Quality w Develop standardized interfaces, new control systems and demonstrate new power conversion technologies  Environmental Benefits w Increase utilization of waste materials in a clean manner

CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION PowerLight Corporation Building- Integrated PV Roof System

CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION Yolo County’s Bioreactor Landfill Only 51 of California’s 3000 landfills generate electricity from landfill gas. Up until this project, it was too costly to generate electricity from many landfills. Yolo’s bioreactor approach significantly increases gas generation making landfill electricity generation competitive.

CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION The Yolo County Success  Accomplishments w Is opening the way for landfill gas electricity systems to be more widely used in California Accelerates gas production from over 30 years to less than 10 years, making landfill electricity more competitive Reduces volume of landfill which can extend landfill life by 20 percent Significantly reduces the chance for groundwater pollution from leachate release w Has become the leading bioreactor project within EPA’s XL Program and will strongly influence landfill regulations across the country  CEC’s Role w Through the CEC’s R&D programs, we’re bringing bioreactor technology from concept to reality Control cell without bioreactor Enhanced bioreactor cell

CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION The Wind Turbine Company  Design, develop and demonstrate a utility-scale wind turbine  Horizontal axis, two-blade, downwind design  Prototype developed for PIER and tested at NREL rated at 250 kW  Commercial prototype demonstration sited at the Fairmont Reservoir in LADWP territory for a 500 kW - scaled up to 750 kW - wind turbine demonstration to begin in October 2001  Goal is to produce electricity  $0.035 cents per kWh per 100 unit wind farms with wind resources  15 mph.

CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION Environmentally-Preferred Advanced Generation  Advanced Turbine Generators w Develop ultra-low NO x combustor and other advanced control technologies w Targeted microturbine development and demonstration and testing  Fuel Cells w Targeted fuel cell development w Residential-scale fuel cell testing and development w Fuel cell performance analysis tools

CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION Gas Turbine Semi-Radiant Burner - Alzeta Corporation Description:  Gas turbine combustor that allows fuel to be premixed with large quantities of air prior to combustion. Benefits:  Lower NO X emissions without SCR;  Cheaper than post- combustion clean-up systems;  Allows deployment of smaller turbines for DG; and  CEC is receiving royalties from Alzeta

CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION Buildings End-Use Efficiency Technology Development  Develop strategies and technologies to: w reduce and manage loads; w provide both energy efficiency and non-energy benefits; and w increase building value through energy efficiency.  Reduce overall building energy use by 25% by 2015 in both new and existing buildings

CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION PIER Buildings Program Highlights Night Breeze  Provides ventilation and cooling at night, reducing or eliminating the need for air conditioning during the day

CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION Industrial/Agricultural/Water Demand Side Management Technologies u Reduce the energy required for water delivery, application and processing. u Improve manufacturing energy efficiency through process management, energy efficient technologies, and waste reduction. u Reduce the energy cost of disposing industrial and agricultural waste. u Reduce industrial, agricultural and water process energy costs through improved load management and metering technologies.

CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION High Performance Fume Hood reduces airflow and energy requirements by 30-50% flow reduction from each hood cuts energy costs by $1000/yr maintains or enhances worker safety ASHRAE standard test achieved containment with 70% flow reduction with 30,000 hoods in state, the new Hood could save about 360 million kWh/yr, totaling nearly $30 million

CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION Energy-Related Environmental Research and Assessment Environmental Research is needed to:  Reduce the air quality, land use, and the biological and water-related impacts of electricity generation, distribution and use in California  Understand global climate change  Develop a policy, regulatory and legal framework that minimizes the environmental impacts of energy use

CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION Stakeholder Consultation

CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION Climate Change Adaptation Problem: California is unprepared for the likely physical, economic and societal disruptions of climate change

CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION Avian Mortality Problem: Avian electrocutions not only cause a significant number of deaths, but also result in 25% of all power outages equating to a $ 2 billion loss to the CA economy. Pictured is an electrocuted golden eagle.

CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION Integrated Electricity Systems Research w Reduce system vulnerability to earthquakes and other natural disasters w Test and improve distributed resources impact on system reliability w Real time pricing and demand-side responsiveness w Storage technologies w Develop better interconnection strategies, inverters and other system controls and predictive models w Power quality enhancements

CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION Technical Support for DG Interconnection Standards  Reduces average cost of interconnection fees to consumers by 37%  Supports Rule 21 by resolving technical safety issues  Establishes technology & size neutral review process  Identified testing and certification requirements  Enables insertion of new generation (e.g. renewables) into the grid

CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION Real Time Transmission Line Monitoring/Rating tension monitoring increases transmission capabilities by 15-30% highly accurate - measures line sagging to within 1-3 inches increased safety - provides the actual real time rating and provides alarms of impending clearance violations system 1-3 were built for utilities in Virginia, Colorado and Finland 200th system was sold on 8/4/00. The systems are in use on five continents by 70 utilities.

CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION PIER Program Activities will be Designed to:  Maintain mid- and long-term programs that will contribute to long- term solutions to California’s electricity problems  Increase focus on short-term RD&D that will mitigate the current electricity crisis in California  Work with California industries to help them meet their electricity needs while remaining competitive  Develop environmental and safety information, measurement tools, and mitigation technologies that will help California meet its electricity needs with minimum negative impact to the environment  Be accountable for its program expenditures and establish quantitative, measurable goals that can be used to gauge the success of its programs  Serve as a clearinghouse for information about on-the-shelf technologies that can be used to quickly increase end-use energy efficiency and add to available electricity supply