REDD Alert: Governance package Joyeeta Gupta and the IVM team

Int. Forestry agreements Int. climate & forestry ag. National forestry gov. Incentives & disincentive Redesign of incentives Human behaviour Other driving factors Impact on forests Architecture: Regime design Incentives: What incentives are created? Agency: Who is pushing the regime? Access: How are basic rights affected? Allocation: How does allocation of responsibilities and risks take place? Functions: What functions are served? Impact on timber markets

WD 1 on Research Protocol

Int. Forestry agreements Int. climate & forestry ag. National forestry gov. Incentives & disincentive Redesign of incentives Human behaviour Other driving factors Impact on forests Architecture; Incentives; Agency; Access; Allocation; Functions Impact on timber markets

PublicPrivate Global level Region al level CBD WHCCITES UNCCD UNFCCCWTORamsarILO UNPFII UNFF UNEP UNDP FAO World Bank IMF FSC C&I processes [NGOs] [Business] MCPFE ATO CBFP AFP CCAD Alpine Convention ACTO ASEAN SADC LRTAP UN-REDD ITTO FLEG Western Hemisphere Convention COMIFAC GEF EU PEFCC [Donors] CPF

Conclusions of Inventory Governance diffuse; characterised by ad hoc incrementalism Few provisions on sustainable forest management Deforestation results from different drivers at different levels of operation International governance creates synergies and conflicts Coordination limited

WD 2: A Graphical Overview

Why is there no forestry regime? Issue complexity Insufficient knowledge of global impacts Perception that forests are not a global problem Geographical distribution of resources Economic interests of countries Sovereignty arguments Globalization versus decentralization Limited finance, Lijklama a Nijeholt 2010

Forest and climate related regimes Criteria for selection of regimes Selection of regimes Description and analysis of regimes

Criteria for selection of regimes Mandate to address deforestation Availability of relevant policy documents Track record of bodies Inclusion of incentives/ disincentives Covering different functions/ services Active in shaping REDD discussions Involvement of case study countries

Selection of regimes Climate Change Convention Convention on Biological Diversity ITTO GEF

WD 3 – Linkages between key regimes

International agencies and REDD, Valentina draft 2010

Int. Forestry agreements Int. climate & forestry ag. National forestry gov. Incentives & disincentive Redesign of incentives Human behavior Other driving factors Impact on forests Architecture: Regime design Incentives: What incentives are created? Agency: Who is pushing the regime? Access: How are basic rights affected? Allocation: How does allocation of responsibilities and risks take place? Functions: What functions are served? Focus on

Incentives in forest sector (national) Regulatory – decentralization; PAs; rules on inputs/ tech; fire prevention; allowable cuts; sustainable logging; spatial planning; timber rights; property rights; monitoring; law enforcement Market incentives: taxes; subsidies; voluntary programmes (CSR; certification); PES, tradeable permits; alternative incomes Management : CFM; Common property resource management; CNRM; stewardship; Joint forest management; NGO management; multiple use forest management Information: education, research; remote sensing Measures to cope with climate change

Incentives in non-forest sectors Land use Eco tourism Credit access Infrastructure Education Quality of life

Incentive in forest sector (int) Regulatory: level of mgt; PAs; IPR Incentives: debt for nature; tax on timber trade; funding mechanisms; carbon markets Information – forest labeling; timber certification

WD 4 on Forest Policy Options

Case study countries Ucayali, PeruSouthern CameroonIndonesiaVietnam

Incentives, Architecture, Agency, Access and Allocation, Functions International climate Related forestry issues Implications for national policy International forestry agreements REDD Implications for national policy International forestry agreements Linkages and comparative assessment International National Case study: content analysis/ interviews

Design of analysis Architecture: Brief outline of key features Agency: Who is pushing for what ? Access and allocation: what does the regime say about who has/ should have access to forestry and how allocation of forest services/ functions are organized? Policy: key policy goals Incentives and disincentives: Which instruments does it include? Impact of international policy/ actors: What is the impact of international policy/ actors on national policy in the case study countries in particular? What are the lessons learnt?

Int. Forestry agreements Int. climate & forestry ag. National forestry gov. Incentives & disincentive Redesign of incentives Human behavior Other driving factors Impact on forests Architecture: Regime design Incentives: What incentives are created? Agency: Who is pushing the regime? Access: How are basic rights affected? Allocation: How does allocation of responsibilities and risks take place? Functions: What functions are served? Focus on Case studies and economic analysis Case study: interviews/ lit. review

Case study design Content Analysis of (Inter) National Laws and Policies over time Identification of key incentives and disincentives and the actors on whom these incentives and disincentives are focused on Interviews with stakeholders at different levels of governance on (a) which incentives work and which don’t and why?, (b) which incentives there should be and aren’t, and (c) how the existing system can be improved

Case study - 2 Special attention to: – Role of REDD – Role of past international instruments (Debt for nature and debt for development swaps), actors (aid agencies; Development banks) and ideologies (liberalization of markets); – Role of new social forestry network companies; – Role of decentralization; how does fiscal decentralization work? – Role of alternative uses of land – agriculture, biofuels;

For D 4.4 Comparative Case study

Expected outputs Nature of specific contexts – the extent of decentralization; the role of power; the existence on incentives; path dependency; the socio-economic drivers of deforestation; key actors Which incentives work or fail, why & how in specific contexts and in relation to different drivers, in relation to the different timescales of forest transitions; and in relation to their own political context Implications for REDD design

Closed interviews, Q method Macaulay) Normal Distribution of the Q-sort DisagreeAgree

Case Study - 4 IVMICRAFMacaulayCS partners DesignYes Content analysisYes Lit. analysisYes Interviews (National)Yes Interviews (Province)Yes Interviews (HH/Communities) Yes Closed InterviewsYes Ind. csYesLeads Comp. csLeadsYes

Economic analysis Impact of successful instruments on the timber market Dynamic simulations over the period with and without variants of REDD policy instruments

What do we want from others?