4 Linear Motion On a speed-versus-time graph the slope represents speed per time, or acceleration. 4.7 Graphs of Motion.

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Presentation transcript:

4 Linear Motion On a speed-versus-time graph the slope represents speed per time, or acceleration. 4.7 Graphs of Motion

4 Linear Motion Equations and tables are not the only way to describe relationships such as velocity and acceleration. Graphs can visually describe relationships. 4.7 Graphs of Motion

4 Linear Motion Speed-Versus-Time On a speed-versus-time graph, the speed v of a freely falling object can be plotted on the vertical axis and time t on the horizontal axis. 4.7 Graphs of Motion

4 Linear Motion The “curve” that best fits the points forms a straight line. For every increase of 1 s, there is the same 10 m/s increase in speed. Mathematicians call this linearity. Since the object is dropped from rest, the line starts at the origin, where both v and t are zero. If we double t, we double v; if we triple t, we triple v; and so on. 4.7 Graphs of Motion

4 Linear Motion This particular linearity is called a direct proportion, and we say that time and speed are directly proportional to each other. 4.7 Graphs of Motion

4 Linear Motion The curve is a straight line, so its slope is constant. Slope is the vertical change divided by the horizontal change for any part of the line. 4.7 Graphs of Motion

4 Linear Motion For 10 m/s of vertical change there is a horizontal change of 1 s. The slope is 10 m/s divided by 1 s, or 10 m/s 2. The straight line shows the acceleration is constant. If the acceleration were greater, the slope of the graph would be steeper. 4.7 Graphs of Motion

4 Linear Motion Distance-Versus-Time When the distance d traveled by a freely falling object is plotted on the vertical axis and time t on the horizontal axis, the result is a curved line. 4.7 Graphs of Motion

4 Linear Motion This distance-versus-time graph is parabolic. 4.7 Graphs of Motion

4 Linear Motion The relationship between distance and time is nonlinear. The relationship is quadratic and the curve is parabolic— when we double t, we do not double d; we quadruple it. Distance depends on time squared! 4.7 Graphs of Motion

4 Linear Motion A curved line also has a slope—different at different points. The slope of a curve changes from one point to the next. The slope of the curve on a distance-versus-time graph is speed, the rate at which distance is covered per unit of time. The slope steepens (becomes greater) as time passes, which shows that speed increases as time passes. 4.7 Graphs of Motion

4 Linear Motion What does a slope of a speed-versus- time graph represent? 4.7 Graphs of Motion