GKR1053 DESIGN HISTORY Prepared by: Cik Salmiah Abdul Hamid

Art Nouveau & Art Deco

ART NOUVEAU

Art Nouveau Art Nouveau is the name attributed to a universal design style that emerged in Europe in the late 1880s, a time when designers and architects were looking to forge a future based on the new. Inspired by the Arts and Crafts movement, Art Nouveau rejected historicism and, for this reason, is often described as the first truly modern, international style. Bhaskaran (2005)

Art Nouveau Origin – Europe Key Characteristics : Curvilinear : Organic foliate forms, sinuous lines, non – geometric whiplash curves. Rectilinear : Geometric forms, severe silhouettes. Bhaskaran (2005)

Art Nouveau Key Facts : The introduction of new forms. The embracement of mass – production, and the focus on the natural as a source for inspiration. In Spain, France, England, Vienna and the USA, the designs were dominated by curvilinear whiplash motifs while in Vienna, Scotland and Germany, they were predominantly rectilinear. Bhaskaran (2005)

Art Nouveau Example: Charles Rennie Mackintosh, architecture interiors and furniture designs for the Glasgow School of Art remain some of the best examples of the rectilinear Art Nouveau. Bhaskaran (2005)

ART DECO

Art Deco Also known as a modernistic and style moderne, prior to 1925. Art Deco is an international decorative style that emerged in France during the 1920s. Initially inspired by the brilliant colors and costume designs of Diaghilev’s Ballet Russes and the fashion of Paul Poiret, the art deco style was also influenced by the abstract, simplified shapes exemplified in the avant – garde paintings of constructivists, cubists, fauvists and futurist. Bhaskaran (2005)

Art Deco Society was rebelling against the elaborate ornamentation of the Belle Époque and Art Nouveau, racing toward a modern, multi – cultured future. Skinner (1998) Theoretically, it can be applied to any design that demonstrates the designer’s intention to take an entirely new approach, free of restrictions imposed by traditional forms, scale, arrangement or material. Key (1986)

Art Deco Origin – France Key Characteristics : Geometric, stepped forms Bright colors Sharp edges, rounded corners Expensive materials : enamel, ivory, bronze and polished stone Mass production materials : chrome, colored glass Bakelite Bhaskaran (2005)

Art Deco Key Facts : Influenced by costume design and fashion. Celebrated travel, speed and luxury with vivid colors and flat angular shapes. Geometric styling and Egyptian and Aztec influences. Bhaskaran (2005)

Art Deco Art Deco style was called many things: Style Chanel and Style Poiret (after leading fashion designers). Skyscraper Style, Vertical Style and New York Style Art Moderne or Modern (the American term of the late twenties and the thirties) Jazz Style Simple Modernism Kery (1986)

Art Deco The first half of the era featured decorative arts, mainly European and centered in Paris. After 1925, the style shifted and focused on mass – produced industrial arts and quickly spread to the United States. Before 1925, the artisan was revered as much as the machine was after that. Objects, graphics and fashion were decorated or craftsman using painstaking old – world techniques. Kery (1986)

Art Deco In furniture and objets d’art the craftmans often controlled and execute the designs. In graphic arts, illustrations were often reproduced by handcraft processes, such as lithography. When attitudes changed and the machine became dictator of style, design changed radically : streamlining simplicity and functionality Kery (1986)

Art Deco 2 distinct tendencies in the Art Deco style before 1925. The 1st : Towards fashion, which began in 1908 with publication of pivotal book Robes de Paul Poiret Racontées per Paul Iribe (Dresses by Paul Poiret Presented by Paul Iribe). In that book; Fashion was loose – fitting and provocative; Illustration were simplified with little detail. In drawings, reality was transformed; images were fantasy like. Women’s body : Tubular and elongated. Kery (1986)

Art Deco The 2nd : Grew out of the Avant – Garde Art movements. A more radical use of geometricism; tension and agitation from the juxtaposition of forms and fragmentation of images; abstraction; rationalization; extreme simplification. In addition, the Deco graphic designers were inspired by the idealism and intensity of the Avant – Garde artists. Kery (1986)

Art Deco Wallpaper and Textiles Almost everyone in the arts became involved in creating printed designs for wallpaper and textiles; Eg. Soni Delaunay, Raoul Dufy and the Russians Alexander Exter, Kasimir Malevich and Varvara Stepanova Kery (1986)

Thank you.