Classification

Vocabulary 1.Biodiversity2. Taxonomy 3.Taxon4. Kingdom 5.Domain6. Phylum 7.Division8. Class 9.Order10. Family 11. Genus12. Species 13. Binomial14. Subspecies Nomenclature

The Art of Naming Biodiversity ) There are a lot of different animals on this planet ( Biodiversity ) and they all need names. taxonomy The science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms is called taxonomy

Problems? 1. Common names can be misleading Sea cucumber sounds like a plant but… it’s an animal! Ex: A jelly fish isn’t a fish, but a seahorse is! Image from: Image from:

Problems? 2. Common names vary from place to place Ex: puma, catamount, mountain lion, cougar are all names for same animal Image from:

Problems? 3. Same organisms have different names in different countries. Chipmunk Streifenhörnchen (German) Tamia (Italian) Ardilla listada (Spanish) Image from:

Solution? Some early scientists devised scientific names using long descriptions in LATIN. RED OAK Quercus foliis obtuse- sinuatis setaceo- mucronatis

RED OAK Quercus foliis obtuse-sinuatis setaceo-mucronatis Quercus foliis obtuse-sinuatis setaceo-mucronatis PROBLEMS? Names too hard and long to remember! “oak with leaves with deep blunt lobes bearing hairlike bristles ” Names don’t show relationships between different animals

Questions 1.What is the branch of biology called that names and classifies organisms? 2.What is the problem with common names?

First classification system Aristotle – Created 1 st classification system – Divided all living organisms into plants and animals – Did not work because categories were too broad

Carolus Linnaeus to the rescue Carolus Linnaeus Swedish naturalist Carolus Linnaeus (1707– 1778) devised a new system of naming organisms.

He grouped organisms into categories according to their form and structure. 7 He had 7 levels to his organization:KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies

Animal Classification

Animal classification video notes Animals are classified based on body size, # of tissue layers, presence or absence of certain organs Divided.. With (vertebrates) or without backbone (invertebrates) There is ONE phylum for vertebrates There are 29 PHYLA of inverts Inverts make up 95% of all organisms Classification/taxonomy provided the framework for communication worldwide

Kidspiration by Riedell

How Do I Remember This? KidsPreferCheeseOverFriedGreenSpinach KingPhillipCameOverFromGreatSpainKingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies By Using Mnemonics

3. How are organisms classified?

Modern Classification three-domain system Carl Woese introduced the three-domain system. All the kingdoms are now divided into the 3 domains: – Archae – includes extreme bacteria – Bacteria – regular bacteria – Both prokaryotes – Eukarya – eukaryotes (everything else)

6 Kingdoms & 3 Domains Domains – Archaea Archaebacteria (extreme bacteria) – Bacteria Eubacteria (regular bacteria) – Eukarya Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

Our Focus Domain – Eukarya Kingdom - Animalia

Comparison of Contributors Aristotle Created 1 st classification system Divided all living organisms into plants and animals Did not work because categories were too broad Linnaeus Created today’s 7 taxa system Largest taxon: Kingdom Smallest taxon: Species Created binomial nomenclature Gives scientific name made of genus and species Woese Created 3 domain system Taxon (taxa plural – any particular group in a taxonomic system

Binomial Nomenclature A system of two-part names to identify organisms. Genus 1 st name is the Genus name Lcapitalized – (First Letter is always capitalized) Species 2 nd name is the Species identifier llowercase – (First letter is always lowercase) Underlined Italics Both names are either Underlined or written in Italics

Binomial Nomenclature Vampire bat Desmodus rotundus Eastern chipmunk Tamias striatus Tamias striatus Image from: Image from:

Binomial nomenclature Humans Homo sapiens Image from:

Questions Cont. 4.Who came up with a good solution for naming organisms? 5.What system did he come up with to classify organisms? 6.How did he name organisms?

ABC Brainstorming On a sheet of paper write the alphabet down the left side of the paper. Next to each letter write down words associated with Classification and Taxonomy: Eg: A – Archaea B – Bacteria C – classification