The Five Levels of Culture

The Nomadic Society

What are our basic needs for survival?

Food/Water, Clothing and Shelter

What are our two food sources?

Animals and Plants

Animals and plants depend on seasons. People were dependent on seasons.

Small groups of nuclear families

Inuit in Alaska and Northern Territories

Aboriginals in Australia

The Agricultural Society

The agricultural revolution: 10,000 years ago People learned to cultivate plants and domesticate animals

Earliest form of agriculture is called slash and burn

Settled in villages

Population increased

Extended families developed

They are called nomadic herders

Nomadic herders have domesticated animals, but have not settled in villages to raise crops.

Chad: North Central Africa

Huarochiri of Peru

Mongolia

Plains Indians

Lapp Kotas in Finland

Peru

The Specialized Society

Families developed special skills

Strumenti

Trade developed within and between villages

Control of trade led to the development of towns.

Towns: Villages with a central market.

The Civilized Society

Trade networks between towns and villages grew

The key to power is control of trade

Cities developed as centers of power

Writing

Social Classes Specialized

Developed complex organizations highly specialized in all elements of culture

The Industrial Society

The Industrial Revolution Machines replace hand tools. New energy sources replace human and animal power.

First Industrial Revolution : Mid 1700s – Mid 1800s

Second Industrial Revolution followed the first and was much larger.

Second Industrial Revolution is spreading over the world.

Urbanization: The worldwide growth of cities.

The Industrial Revolution led to the need for natural resources.

The need for natural resources led to imperialism.

Imperialism: When a nation takes control of another nation or region.

Imperialism produced westernization

As European control spread other cultures began to adopt western culture.

Imperialism led to nationalism.

Interdependence –The mutual dependence of countries on goods, resources, and knowledge from other parts of the world