BA 4/21  What was the most extreme group of Marxist Revolutionaries that would take over Russia?  Who was the leader of this group?  What event occurred after generals fired into a crowd of workers that had taken a petition to the czar’s winter palace?

Rise of Joseph Stalin  1922-Lenin has a stroke  Stalin becomes leader of Soviet Union  Stalin: Russian for “man of steel”  Wants Soviet Union to become powerful world nation  Wants absolute power  Video Video

Rise of Joseph Stalin continued  Starts totalitarianism  Totalitarianism: government that takes total control over every aspect of public and private life  Becomes popular idea throughout Europe

Joseph Stalin

Features of Totalitarianism 1. Terror and violence to force obedience  Police spy on citizens and use brutal force 2. Control of education to glorify leader and convince citizens of unconditional loyalty 3. Propaganda and censorship of mass media  All books, newspapers, movies, art, and music must be approved by government  Citizens surrounded by false information 4. Religious or ethnic persecution to create groups of people to blame for country’s problems

Great Purge ( )  Stalin planned to create a prefect Communist state  Created a campaign of terror to eliminate anyone who threatened Stalin’s power  Used secret police to tap phone lines, read mail, and hide informants  8-13 million Russians executed  Video Video

Stalin’s Totalitarian State  Government controlled all forms of communication  Newspaper, movies, radio, books, and art  Only allowed to promote communism, Stalin and his programs  Government controlled education from nursery school to college  Learned virtues of communism  Eliminated religion  Believed religion would reduce one’s loyalty to Russia  Portrayed religion as superstitious

Stalin’s Totalitarian State continued  Created a command economy  Command economy: government decides what to produce, where to make it, and what price to charge  Believes USSR is years behind industrialized countries  Wants to make up distance in 10 years  Creates 5 Year Plan

Features of Totalitarianism 1. Terror and violence to force obedience – Police spy on citizens and use brutal force 2. Control of education to glorify leader and convince citizens of unconditional loyalty 3. Propaganda and censorship of mass media – All books, newspapers, movies, art, and music must be approved by government – Citizens surrounded by false information 4. Religious or ethnic persecution to create groups of people to blame for country’s problems

5 Year Plan  Set impossibly high quotas for steel, coal, oil, and electricity  Plan leads to limited production of consumer goods  Causes severe shortages in housing, food, and clothing  Video Video

4 Benefits under Stalin 1. Increase in education and skilled laborers 2. Universal healthcare 3. Increases Russian industry and economy 4. Women gain equal rights  1950’s: 75% of doctors were women

Creation of Fascism  After WWI, world enters Great Depression  Causes global economic poverty  People losing faith in democracy  Turn to Fascism  Fascism: military political movement that emphasized loyalty to the state and its leader

5 Features of Fascism Promise to revive economy Punish people responsible for hard times Restore order and national pride Loyalty to the state Obedience to authoritarian leader Video

Problems in Italy  Italy disappointed with small land gained from Treaty of Versailles  High unemployment and rising inflation  Italian government unable to fix problems  Democratic with limited monarchy  Opens the doorway for Benito Mussolini

Benito Mussolini

 Newspaper editor and politician  Favorite book was The Republic by Plato  Creates Fascist Party in 1919  AKA: Black Shirts  Clashed with communists, socialists, and anarchists at parades & demonstrations Makes 2 promises: 1. Fix economy 2. Rebuild military Video  Gains support of middle class, aristocracy, and industrial leaders

Benito Mussolini continued  Mussolini’s followers attack Communists and Socialists in streets  30,000 Fascists march on Rome  Demand Italian king, Victor Emmanuel III, place Mussolini in charge of government  Mussolini legally appointed prime minister  Victor Emmanuel III let Mussolini lead in fear of a civil war

Mussolini in Power  Abolishes democracy  Outlaws all political parties except Fascists  Creates secret police  Censors media to only broadcast Fascist beliefs Video

EA 4/21 1. What is fascism? 2. Who was the politician that created the Fascist Party in 1919 and was legally named Prime Minister by the Italian King?

Assignment- Propaganda – The Fascist and totalitarian leaders after WWI used propaganda to sway their people to follow their cause. For example, Lenin created the slogan “Peace, Land, and Bread” in an effort to gain control of Russia. Your goal is to create your own cause and come up with your own propaganda poster. Propaganda= information or material spread to advance a cause or to damage an opponent’s cause This poster must contain: – Slogan – Colored picture to depict your cause Example slogans from Lenin – “Peace, Land, Bread” – “Worker Control of Production” – “All power to the Soviets”

Examples of Propaganda Posters video video video