Study Hall Sit in assigned seats Not wondering around the room Sharpened pencil out, ready to begin our review

Ecosystem  Plants and animals that are found in a particular location are referred to as an ecosystem. These plants and animals depend on each other to survive.

Producers Make their own food through photosynthesis Examples: – Plants – Algae

Consumers Eat other organisms. There are THREE: – Herbivore – Carnivore – Omnivore

Herbivores These are animals that eat mainly plants. This includes leaves, grass, flowers, seeds, roots, fruits, bark, pollen, and much more. Some herbivores are: (*write down two) – Deer – Horses – Rabbits – Cows – Bees – Sheep – Grasshoppers

Carnivores These are animals that eat mainly meat. This includes insects and all animals. Some carnivores are: – lions, tigers, and all cats – eagles, hawks, owls – Sharks – Frogs – Spiders

Omnivores These are animals able to eat plants and animals Some omnivores are: – Humans**** – Most bears – Raccoons – Most primates (apes and monkeys) – Seagulls and other birds

Decomposers They consume (eat) dead plants and animals and decomposes them This returns nutrients to the environment. Examples include: – Fungi – Bacteria

Producers, consumers, decomposers video XKhh8xo XKhh8xo UDk UDk

WRITE IN NOTEBOOK Energy flows through ecosystems in one direction, from the sun through producers to consumers to decomposers.

WRITE IN NOTEBOOK Food chains: show how plant life and animal life get bridged together by the things they eat. Like links of a chain

Food Chain Brain Pop dbehavior/foodchains/ dbehavior/foodchains/ Bill Nye: iWxLr4Bill Nye: iWxLr4

Mr. Parr song on food chains xKM xKM

Write in notebook. Food Webs: More complex than food chains. Ecosystems consist of many food chains linked together All organisms depend on one another for survival

Review Green plants use the sun’s energy directly to make food. When animals eat green plants and other animals eat those animals, the energy moves from one living thing to another. Ultimately all the members of a food chain depend on the energy from the sun.

Pyramid of Energy Can you believe only 10% energy is passed along at each level!

Write in notebook…. The Ten Percent Rule (10%) Scientists say that about 90% of the available energy is used for life processes like respiration, photosynthesis, and reproduction

Write in notebook The Pyramid of Energy : shows how energy available for consumers decreases as you travel up from the base

Video on Energy Pyramid TAO4 TAO4

Pyramid of Energy.. Label your pyramid at each level and draw 3 examples for each level

How else can we label our pyramid?

Answer in notebook. (complete sentences) Do animals need the sun to survive? Why or why not. Explain!

Lets Review! All things get energy from food. Green plants use energy from the sun to make their own food. Plants use the food they make for energy to grow. Animals get energy by eating plants and other animals. The energy in living things originates from the sun.

Germination: start to grow from a seed or spore into a new individual plant Conditions are right for seeds and spores to start to grow and develop into a plant

Let’s grow! Seeds need the RIGHT conditions to grow... – Water – Sunlight – Temperature

Dormancy means… Dormancy means inactivity. For example, when you are sleeping, you are not being active. Some seeds require a period of DORMANCY before they germinate (grow).

What conditions do they need to come out of dormancy? moisture temperature light Some seeds need complete darkness to germinate and in some cases even fire

WRITE IN NOTEBOOK: Tropism: process of plants changing due to a stimulus (changes in their environment)

WRITE IN NOTEBOOK Environmental changes (stimuli) that effect plants: – Gravity – Sunlight – Touch – Moisture (water)

WRITE IN NOTEBOOK Phototropism: the way a plant grows or bends because of sunlight

WRITE IN NOTEBOOK Geotropism: the way a plant grows or bends because of gravity Plant structures can sense up and down Stems of plants grow upright Roots of plants grow down

WRITE IN NOTEBOOK Thigmotropism: the way a plant grows or bends because of touch (stimulus).

Hydrotropism Hydrotropism: the way a plant grows due to the presence of water (stimulus). When roots sense water, they bend and grows towards it.

WRITE IN NOTEBOOK Stimulus (changes) can be positive or negative. Positive = toward stimulus Negative = away from stimulus

Positive Response Plant moving toward stimulus (the sun).

Negative Response Negative = roots growing away from sun. The roots are growing AWAY from the sun because they need water for survival.

Let’s rock! (3 minutes) zHE zHE Mr. Parr

WRITE IN NOTEBOOK  Plants and animals within ecosystems depend on each other to survive BIOTIC FACTORS: all the living parts of the ecosystem ABIOTIC FACTORS: all the non-living parts of the ecosystem

WRITE IN NOTEBOOK  ECOSYSTEMS: all the living things (plants, animals, and organisms) interacting with each other in a given location  ECOSYSTEMS: also include the non-living factors like weather, soil type, and climate Aquatic Ecosystems Marine Ecosystems

Write in notebook Abiotic Factors = all nonliving factors TemperatureAmount of sunlight Water (fresh or salty)Climate (rain, weather) Soil (rocky, sandy, fertile)

Write in notebook Biotic Factors: all living factors Plants (producers) Animals (consumers)

Individual Individual: one organism, a single living thing

Population A group of interbreeding organisms living in the same area Interbreeding:

Community Interacting POPULATIONS

Ecosystem All the organisms living in the same area AND their nonliving environment. Notice the first three tiers are all living organisms.

Biome One of several major types of ecosystems Five biomes: – Aquatic (oceans) – Deserts – Forests – Tundra – Grasslands

Write in notebook Biomes: areas of similar climates with similar plants and animals found in specific regions around the Earth

Different Biomes… Biomes have unique plants and animals They also have unique climates (rainfall, temperatures, amounts and intensity of sunlight) For instance: A tropical rainforest has lots of rain, is humid and hot. Plants grow thick and deep in the rainforest; animals have adapted to this unique environment in order to survive

Write in notebook Biosphere: Is EVERYTHING…

Write in notebook Limiting Factors— conditions within the environment that limit the growth of species

Write this down… Limiting Factors— can be any biotic or abiotic factor that prevents an organisms growth

Write this down… Limiting Factors—Also reduce or limits an organisms ability to find food (consumers) or make its own food (producers)

Write this down… Limiting Factors Food Availability Shelter Breeding - Nesting sites Predators Temperature (too cold, too hot) Water availability (too dry, too wet)