Cosmology Olber’s Paradox Big Bang Development of the Universe.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
E4 Cosmology. Newton’s Universe Infinite (in space and time) Static.
Advertisements

E4 Cosmology. Newton’s Universe Infinite (in space and time) Static.
Olber’s paradox Why isn't the night sky as uniformly bright as the surface of the Sun? If the Universe has infinitely many stars, then it should be uniformly.
OPTION E - ASTROPHYSICS E4 Cosmology Olber’s Paradox.
Origin & Evolution of the Universe
When Galaxies Collide. It is not uncommon for galaxies to gravitationally interact with each other, and even collide!
Chapter 26: Cosmology Why is the sky dark? The expanding universe Beginning of the universe: The Big Bang Cosmic microwave background The early universe.
Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Fate of the Universe.
Chapter 16 Dark Matter And The Fate Of The Universe.
Dark Energy. Conclusions from Hubble’s Law The universe is expanding Space itself is expanding Galaxies are held together by gravity on “small” distance.
Newton’s Hypothesis The universe is infinite, static and uniform. Proven to be incorrect by Olber’s Paradox. Olber theorised that if this was correct then.
Chapter 20 Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Fate of the Universe.
Cosmology Past, present and future of the universe Is space flat or curved? Where is the center? What lies beyond our limit of vision? What is the universe.
Cosmology Astronomy 315 Professor Lee Carkner Lecture 22 "In the beginning the Universe was created. This has made a lot of people very angry and been.
Cosmology Astronomy 315 Professor Lee Carkner Lecture 24.
The latest experimental evidence suggests that the universe is made up of just 4% ordinary matter, 23% cold dark matter and 73% dark energy. These values.
ASTR100 (Spring 2008) Introduction to Astronomy The Case for Dark Matter Prof. D.C. Richardson Sections
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Dark Matter and Dark Energy.
Chapters 17,18: Cosmology and Life in the Universe Nearly every speck of light in the image is a galaxy.
Cosmology. Some important questions Did the universe have a beginning or has it always existed? Will the universe end? If it ends, what will happen at.
Announcements Observing next week will count for the fourth exam. The final exam will be cumulative. The final will be 40 questions, will be on cosmology,
Contemporary science issues Lesson 16: Has the universe always been there? © 2006 Gatsby Technical Education Projects.
Cosmology: The Study of the Universe as a Whole Physics 360 Geol 360 Astronomy John Swez.
Chapter 22 Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Fate of the Universe
Dark Matter, Dark Energy, How Come Some People Think We Need It and Others Don’t and the Fate of the Universe.
Physics of the Cosmos Sections 37.4 – Reminders Today: In-class Quiz #6 addressing Chapter 37 and questions from prior quiz and test. LAB B2-WNL:
Why space is dark at night?. Why isn't the night sky uniformly at least as bright as the surface of the Sun? If you add up all the photons spewing out.
Cosmology The Origin and Future of the Universe Part I Olbers’ Paradox.
COSMOLOGY SL - summary. STRUCTURES Structure  Solar system  Galaxy  Local group  Cluster  Super-cluster Cosmological principle  Homogeneity – no.
Astrophysics Cosmology - the study of the nature of the universe.
Introduction to Cosmology. Types of Universes If you were to make a universe, would you give it a finite size, or make it infinite? In a finite universe,
So, how’s it gonna end? The Big Bang started the universe expanding fast, but gravity should have put on the brakes. Expansion should slow down after.
IB Physics Power Points
2 pt 3 pt 4 pt 5pt 1 pt 2 pt 3 pt 4 pt 5 pt 1 pt 2pt 3 pt 4pt 5 pt 1pt 2pt 3 pt 4 pt 5 pt 1 pt 2 pt 3 pt 4pt 5 pt 1pt.
Big Bang Theory – A History 1927: Belgian priest Georges Lemaître proposes that the universe began with the explosion of a "primeval atom". Einstein develops.
THEORIES OF UNIVERSE FORMATION. Studying Space Cosmology – the study of the origin, structure, and future of the universe Astronomers study planets, stars,
The Expanding Universe. The Hubble Law The Hubble constant H o is one of the most important numbers in cosmology because it may be used to estimate the.
Composition Until 30 years ago, we thought all matter was “baryonic” matter (protons, neutrons, electrons). Now: 4.6% is baryonic matter 95% is non-baryonic.
Olber’s Paradox Why is the night sky dark?. Night Sky.
Fate of the Universe 1)Fate of the Universe 2)Shape of the Universe 3)Large Scale Structure November 25, 2002 Final Exam will be held in Ruby Diamond Auditorium.
Questions From Reading Activity? IB Assessment Statements  Olbers’ Paradox E.4.1.Describe Newton’s model of the universe. E.4.2.Explain Olbers’paradox.
To do: Run through the ppt on Big Bang and Cosmology (resources.faulkes-telescope.com > GCSE Astronomy > Class Exercises > Cosmology Complete the following.
DCMST May 22 nd, 2007 Dark matter and dark energy Gavin Lawes Wayne State University.
The Expanding Universe
Announcements Final exam is Monday, May 9, at 7:30 am. –Students with last names A-K go to 225 CB. –Students with last names L-Z go to 300 CB. –All students.
The UniverseSection 3 Section 3: Origin of the Universe Preview Key Ideas Bellringer What Is the Universe? What Happened at the Beginning? Predicting the.
Cosmology. Formation of a Star 1.Stars form from clouds of interstellar dust and gas, which consist mainly of the elements hydrogen and helium. 2.Where.
The Mass of the Galaxy Can be determined using Kepler’s 3 rd Law –Solar System: the orbital velocities of planets determined by mass of Sun –Galaxy: orbital.
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Dark Universe: Dark Matter Dark Energy and the Fate of the Universe.
Key Areas covered The temperature of stellar objects is related to the distribution of emitted radiation over a wide range of wavelengths. The wavelength.
The Origin of the Universe Chapter 20.3 Notes. What is the Universe? The universe consists of all space, matter, and energy that exists—now, in the past,
Cosmology. Olbers’s Paradox The Universe may be infinite – if it is, why is the night sky dark?
Chapter 20 Cosmology. Hubble Ultra Deep Field Galaxies and Cosmology A galaxy’s age, its distance, and the age of the universe are all closely related.
Astrophysics – final topics Cosmology Universe. Jeans Criterion Coldest spots in the galaxy: T ~ 10 K Composition: Mainly molecular hydrogen 1% dust EGGs.
The Universe. Known Universe Our Neighboring Galaxies-Visible Light.
Types of Stars (review)  Cepheid variables Cepheid variables are stars of variable luminosity. The luminosity increases sharply and falls of gently with.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
The Science of Creation
Key Areas covered The temperature of stellar objects is related to the distribution of emitted radiation over a wide range of wavelengths. The wavelength.
The Big Bang The universe appears to be expanding – cosmic background radiation and red shift.
17. 3 The Big Bang and Inflation 17
The Science of Creation
Types of Stars (review)
Cosmology.
Physics of the Cosmos.
Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and the Fate of the Universe
Key Areas covered The temperature of stellar objects is related to the distribution of emitted radiation over a wide range of wavelengths. The wavelength.
Cosmology.
The study of the origin and nature of The Universe
Bell Ringer! What objects in the night sky did Hubble look at to see the red shift that gave us evidence for an expanding universe? What rule did Hubble.
Presentation transcript:

Cosmology Olber’s Paradox Big Bang Development of the Universe

Olber’s Paradox Why is the night sky dark?

Newton believed universe was infinite in space & time. If the universe contains an infinite number of uniformly distributed stars: 1)The collective brightness received should make sky bright. 2) Every line of sight should eventually lead to the surface of a star 3) Every point in the sky should be as bright as the surface of a star.

Apparent b drops with/d 2, but surface A increases with d 2, if stars uniformly distributed, the distance cancels – all equally bright.

Olber’s Paradox w math play from 1:53 (4:30 min) fkRxshttp:// fkRxs Minute Physics Olber’s 4 min

Big Bang Resolves paradox. Universe not infinite in space or time. Stars not uniformly scattered. Universe too young for light to have reached us yet. Universe expanding.

Big Bang Model Space Time & Laws of Physics born from a singularity ~14-15 BYA. Space time expanding.

If all galaxies are moving away: Light from stars is red shifted into the IR region (we would not see it)

Big Bang Model Evidence Einstein’s general relativity also contradicts static universe – he tried to introduce cosmic constant! See Doppler Red Shift. Explains Olber’s paradox. Cosmic Background Radiation.

Cosmic Background Radiation CSBR. There is microwave radiation in the universe coming from all directions. From Wein’s law can find T of peak radiation ~ 3 K. Universe behaves as black body at 3K. Gas laws suggest universe would be that T if cooled by expansion for BY.

Evidence Big Bang

Future of the universe Closed – big crunch. Gravity slowing expansion. Open – expansion continues. Not enough matter to overcome expansion. Flat – expansion slows almost to v = 0.

Outcome depends amount of mass Critical density  o amt mass needed to stop expansion. Appears we have too little mass but not all mass is visable.

Only 10% of mass needed to stop expansion is observed so – open universe. Dark matter - mass cannot be seen. No interaction with light. Affects rotational speed of galaxies. MACHOS - Brown & Black dwarfs –Massive compact halo objects. WIMPS – neutrinos –Weakly interacting massive particles.

Dark Matter Dark Energy

International Research Project outline goals. html?pid=30109http:// html?pid=30109 Herschel e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=321 36