Do Now: The change from foraging to farming over a period of a few thousand years revolutionized the lives of people and changed the history of the world. Create a list of the changes you would expect to see once people began to focus on agriculture. EQ: Why is the Neolithic Revolution (8,000 B.C – 4,000 B.C) a turning point in history?

Social Political Religious Intellect. Techno. Economic Permanent settlements  growth of population villages/cities  social classes develop  patriarchal societies develop (men superior to women. Organized government necessary w/ permanent settlements/maintain order/need for public works (irrigation). Religious values tied to agriculture (reincarnation), development into polytheism to explain natural forces. Harvests/tax collecting  written language/record keeping, interest in environment – science, math develop. advanced stone tools used for farming, Slash/Burn farming, metallurgy: copper tools, later bronze. Food surplus from domestication= more reliable food source  specialized jobs  trading Most still peasant farmers!

Why do you think the development of agriculture at relatively the same time in several different places?

Why do you think the development of agriculture occurred at relatively the same time in several different places?  This may be environmental! The Ice Age ended and the earth got warmer - allowed for longer growing seasons!  Maybe forced to find an alternate food source as Ice Age animals become extinct.

Key Achievements Invention of Tools Mastery over Fire Development of Language Creation of Cave Art Rise of Civilization Beginning about 3500 B.C Growth of Villages Neolithic Age Beginning about 10,000 B.C Hunting – Gathering Bands Beginning about 2 million B.C Key Achievements Development of Agriculture Domestication of Animals Advances in Farming Technology Food Surpluses Key Achievements Specialized Workers Record Keeping Complex Institutions Advanced Technology

Jomon, Japan – A Missing Link?? In 10,000 B.C., a unique culture which lasted for several thousand years developed in Japan Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) – somewhat settled – didn’t farm but hunted, gathered and relied on fish lived in small tribal groups Created some of the earliest pottery as well as figurines that appear female Jomon means “chord pattern!”

Jomon Pit houses were 2 to 5 m in diameter and were made with a series of wooden upright posts. The roof is believed to have been thatched,

 Located on the Jordon River north of the Dead Sea – Population 2000 Location: Jordon River Population 2000 The First Major Agriculture Center! Natural irrigation: From the Jordan River Walls/moats built (evidence of wealth) Limited trade of salt/obsidian

 Modern day Turkey (Anatolia) 7250 B.C.E – population 5000 The city acts as a fortified wall – houses made of mud/brick built closely together: enter through the roof. evidence of job/craft specialization (manufactured pots, baskets, textiles, leather, stone, metal tools, carpets, beads, jewelry) Evidence of increasing religious beliefs – shirnes, female statuettes excavated.

Advanced Cities Advanced Cities Specialized Workers/ Social Classes Specialized Workers/ Social Classes Complex Institutions: Government Public Works Economic Systems Organized religion Complex Institutions: Government Public Works Economic Systems Organized religion Record- Keeping Record- Keeping Advanced Technology Advanced Technology Art and Architecture Art and Architecture