Do Now Answer the following question on one of your index cards Question: How did the Neolithic Age differ from the Paleolithic Age?

A Great Transition From village life to urban living: Early Neolithic Settlements 8,000 BCE-3,500 BCE

Review: Paleolithic Life Semi- permanent dwellings Nomadic movement Hunting and Gathering Egalitarian gender relations Small populations

Review: Neolithic Life Permanent dwellings Permanent settlements Domesticated plants & animals Relatively egalitarian gender relations Growing populations

Neolithic Villages

Early Urbanization: 6,200 BCE Catal Huyuk is an example of an early city (located in modern Turkey).Catal Huyuk is an example of an early city (located in modern Turkey). The population ranged from 3,000 to 8,000 people.The population ranged from 3,000 to 8,000 people. People lived in densely packed homes and moved about on rooftops (no streets).People lived in densely packed homes and moved about on rooftops (no streets). It existed for roughly 1,200 years.It existed for roughly 1,200 years.

An Early Urban Center >>>>>>

Catal Huyuk’s Urban Design

The First Mural? (c. 6,200 BCE) Artistic depiction of Catal Huyuk’s urban design Erupting Volcano >>>>>>>

Discuss! Why did people gather in this way? Categories of Analysis: Economy & Culture

Early Cities: Economic Functions Job Specialization: –Painters paint (murals, etc) –Toolmakers make tools –Stone masons build –Weavers weave (baskets) –Potters make pots and other appliances Trade: –Small settlements obtain needed goods that specialists make. –Cities obtain needed economic basics (food, raw materials).

Inside the The Homes of Catal Huyuk: Evidence of masonry, weaving, tool-making, pottery, painting

Early Cities: Cultural Functions Complex Religious Shrines for common use: –They contained multiple paintings, sculptures, & artifacts built by specialists. –They were large enough to accommodate large numbers of people.

A Catal Huyuk Shrine: note the work of specialists

Goddess / “Venus” Sculptures Why are the Goddesses depicted as they are? Why is the one on the right holding her breasts?

Early Cities had Walls

Walls often had Towers

Discuss! Why did residents of early cities surround themselves with walls & towers? Hint: Towers faced outward (away from the city).

Why are early cities NOT considered full-blown civilizations? No clear class divisions –Job specialization did not produce social classes. –Men and women were of equal status (no patriarchy). No centralized, powerful government –No Chiefs or Kings and no specialized bureaucracy to serve them –No system of taxation No writing system or record-keeping Limited “public works”: no streets, canals, sewage (You have to consider what they LACKED.)

Summary Question & Exit Ticket: How did early cities like Catal Huyuk differ from most Neolithic settlements?