Neolithic age and first civilizations

Neolithic age Definition: Transformation of human society from hunters and gatherers to farmers and herders (food producers). What Else Happened: Domestication of sheep, goats, and cattle Development of ground-stone tools Pottery Establishment of permanent or semipermanent settlements Time period: Circa: 10,000 BCE and ended with the development of metal tools circa: 4000 BCE Though those developments occurred in different parts of the world at different times.** Neolithic, leaf-shaped, flint arrowhead found in the United Kingdom. Neolithic people mined flint, made tools, and traded them over great distances.

Cities and civilizations Cities: On site of first settlements Result of innovation rather than diffusion Why did cities have an opportunity to come about?! Agriculture!!!! Civilization: Human societies that have cities and states Some Early Examples: Mesopotamia Egypt Indus Valley region of what are now Pakistan and India Huang He (Yellow River) valley of China Olmec in Central America Similarities: Built cities (architecture) Invented forms of writing Learned to make pottery and use metals (metallurgy) Domesticated animals Specialization of labor Created fairly complex social structures with class systems (hierarchy)

Resources “Ancient civilization." Compton's by Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2012. Web. 5  Sept.  2012. <http://www.school.eb.com/all/comptons/article-9272856>. "Neolithic Age." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 5 Sept. 2012. "Neolithic flint arrowhead." Image. Corinium Museum. World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 5 Sept. 2012. "Neolithic Revolution." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 5 Sept. 2012.