THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTIONS/NEOLITHIC LIFE PAGES CHAPTER 1

PALEOLITHIC PERIOD Describe the Paleolithic period and what it would look like on earth during the ice age.

POSSIBLE MIGRATION ROUTES TO THE AMERICAS FROM AFRO-EURASIA

HUNTER-GATHERING/FORAGING (FLORA) DOMESTICATED V. TAME

HUNTER-GATHERING/FORAGING FAUNA

ROLES FOR HUNTING/GATHERING Who hunts? Who gathers? Who has the authority of the family unit? Who has the primary duty of maintaining the family unit? What technologies are used by hunter/gatherers?

NEOLITHIC PERIOD

NEOLITHIC AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTIONS Why do the early humans switch from Paleolithic (hunter-gatherers) to the Neolithic (agriculture)? Environmental changes Realization of local crops and growth patterns Adaptation of technology Increases in population Decrease in available resources

FLORA/FAUNA INDIGENOUS MAP

DOMESTICATION OF PLANTS

INDEPENDENT INVENTION OF AGRICULTURAL CENTERS & MOVEMENT

DOMESTICATION OF ANIMALS agriculture-and-livestock.html

DOMESTIC ANIMALS

MEGALITHIC STRUCTURES CIRCA 5000

CHANGES BECAUSE OF AGRICULTURE Hunter-gatherers Small kinship groups of hunting-foraging bands self-sufficient Nomadic – moved from place to place (usually seasonal) In contact with other nomadic groups Lived near water and food sources Nutrition level high (based on skeletal remains) Men are hunters, Women are gatherers Women begin seeing pattern of seeds/germination, planters Agriculturist/Sedentary Larger villages to small cities (civilization) Sedentary – live in or near village/city Trade with both nomadic groups and other sedentary groups Lived near water and planting lands Nutrition level low (usually one/few food sources) Men and Women are workers in agriculture When more crops are grown with fewer workers, specialization can occur – leadership positions, artisans, religious positions, etc.

TIMELINE 8,000 BC – Neolithic Agricultural Revolutions begin (Agriculture begins and then spreads out replacing nomads; however, there are conflicts/trade between nomads for many years. There are still some nomadic people in the world but they are not like the original nomadic people.) 7,000 BC – Domestication begins (probable date) 5,000 BC – Megaliths 3,200 BC – First Civilization (Sumer, probable) 3,000 BC – Written text (Mesopotamia) 2,600 BC – Ox-drawn wooden plows 2,560 BC – Cheops Pyramid Built 1750s BC – First Law Code (Hammurabi, Babylon) 995 BC – King David Rules Israel 775 BC – City of Rome Founded