Science And Engineering Chapter 1 Section 4

Checks for Understanding 0807.Inq.2 Identify tools and techniques needed to gather, organize, analyze, and interpret data collected from a moderately complex scientific investigation T/E.3 Explore how the unintended consequences of new technologies can impact society T/E.4 Research bioengineering technologies that advance health and contribute to improvements in our daily lives.

I can explain how science, technology, engineering and mathematics are related. I can identify ways that technology responds to social needs. I can identify ways that technology responds to political needs. I can identify ways that technology responds to economic needs. I can explain the engineering design process for developing new technologies. I can describe technology in terms of its intended benefits. I can describe technology in terms of its unintended consequences.

QUIZ: What is TECHNOLOGY? –A space suit? –The internet? WHAT IS TECHNOLOGY? The application of knowledge, tools, and processes to solve practical problems and extend human capabilities. –A newborn baby? –Grass?–An inoculation against smallpox? –A hammer?--A chair?

How is TECHNOLOGY different than SCIENCE?

SCIENCETECHNOLOGY Technology is the application of knowledge. Science is the accumulation of knowledge.

SCIENCETECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY is the use of knowledge to turn resources into the goods and services that society needs. SCIENCE is the study of WHY natural things happen the way they do.

SCIENTISTTECHNOLOGIST Use the materials in the earth to make useful objects. Study how the earth was formed and what it is made from.

SCIENTISTTECHNOLOGIST Build and launch space shuttles and satellites. Study the relationship between the earth, planets, and the stars.

SCIENTISTTECHNOLOGIST Technologists create new materials with improved characteristics. Study materials under a microscope to learn why they have the characteristics that they do. Except: Scientists can only grow nanotubes an inch long! Check back in 20 years! Nanotubes can make electrical wires that don’t loose electricity through heat!

SCIENTISTTECHNOLOGIST Make artificial hearts and limbs. Discover the way the human body works.

SCIENTISTTECHNOLOGIST Use codes to develop new medicines and vaccines. Discover genetic codes that determine the nature of life.

SCIENTISTS & TECHNOLOGISTS ARE A TEAM! Scientists Biologists, chemists, and physicists are… Architects, engineers, product designers and technicians are… Technologists

SCIENCE answers the question… WHY? Why does the heart beat? Why does lighting strike? Why do geese fly south for the winter? Why is the sun hot? Why are teenagers so moody? Why does this material release electricity when exposed to the sun? Why does this chemical react with this one? Why do we get cancer? Why do we age? Why does glass break? Why do some people struggle with their weight? Why do people from Asia look different from people in South America? Why does the moon look like cheese? Why do we hear when someone talks? Why do we have families? Why is the average global temperature rising? Why do we have earthquakes?

TECHNOLOGY answers the question… HOW? How can we make an artificial heart? How can we avoid being hit by lighting? How can we moniter gees flying south for the winter? How can we protect ourselves from the sun? How can we make teenagers less moody? How can we make electricity with the sun? How can we make a non- explosive gasoline? How can we stop cancer? How can we stop aging? How can we make an unbreakable glass? How can we stop obesity? How can we best transport people from Asia to South America? How can we land on the moon? How can we help a deaf person to hear? How can we create a home for a family? How can we end global warming? How can we make buildings earthquake-proof?

Engineering is the process of creating the technology Engineers use science and mathematics to create new technologies that serve human needs

Fix Broken Cars Design Medical Equipment Build new wind turbines Design sport shoes Create a sculpture What do Engineers Do? List the ones you think apply

Fix Broken Cars Design Medical Equipment Build new wind turbines Design sport shoes Create a sculpture technician artisan What do Engineers Do?

What are some things engineers design? Medical Equipment Bio-fuels Transportation

What are some things engineers design? Wind Power Tunnels Structures

Engineering Design Process common to all designed items Define Problem or Need Select & Test Propose Design Solutions Research Investigate Gather Info Analyze Evaluate Solutions What order is typically followed? Order the steps below from 1 to 5…

Analyze Evaluate Solutions Engineering Design Process Define Problem or Need Select & Test Propose Design Solutions Research Investigate Gather Info What similar things exist? BrainstormingDoes solution meet need? Proof of concept Does it work? Modify & redesign

Engineering Design Process often common, every day issues Define Problem or Need Issue: Hand dryers in public restrooms do not dry hands effectively. Need solution that dries hands in an amount of time & dryness acceptable to 80% of people. New design must cost no more than 1.5 times of current dryers.

Engineering Design Process often common, every day issues Define Problem or Need Now it’s your turn! Think about some common or not so common problems or needs you have observed Let’s take 2 minutes and generate some ideas

Engineering Design Process What are some problems or needs that you think engineers should address? Define Problem or Need

Analyze Evaluate Solutions Engineering Design Process Define Problem or Need Select & Test Propose Design Solutions What similar things exist? BrainstormingDoes solution meet need? Proof of concept Does it work? Modify & redesign Research Investigate Gather Info

Engineering Design Process Consider the hand dryer example. Engineers might: Conduct survey/study to determine the drying time and level of dryness acceptable to 80% of people Explore alternative methods (to forced hot air) to dry hands Research Investigate Gather Info

Engineering Design Process Research Investigate Gather Info Let's find out what this audience finds acceptable for hand drying time. Record your answer on your notes: 2 sec 4 sec 6 sec 8 sec 10 sec 12 sec 14 sec 16 sec 0 sec

Engineering Design Process Research Investigate Gather Info Based on their research and the information they gather engineers will propose a design and decide what prototype they will need to build and test

Engineering Design Process Per qualitative or quantitative rating system, a final design is selected. The final design is then thoroughly tested. There is always more than one possible way to solve a problem …. lots of brainstorming involved. This is where really creative ideas come from. Select & Test Propose Design Solutions Engineers evaluate multiple design solutions to determine if and how well they meet the design criteria. Analyze Evaluate Solutions

Cost-Benefit Analysis Engineers make sure that the cost of designing and producing the new product is worth its benefit

Communication Just like scientist engineers need to share their successes, failures and reasoning with others. Communication through journals and other sources allows engineers to improve their designs

Intended versus Unintended An intended benefit is the positive purpose for which a technology is designed to be used Identify two positive and two negative effects that airplanes have had on society Unintended consequences can have a negative impact on society

10 Characteristics of Technology 1.Technology is evident in all cultures. 2.is knowledge based 3.is fundamental to humanity 4.is fundamental to survival 5.extends our capabilities 6.is accumulative 7.alters our culture 8.is future oriented 9.is observable 10.seeks harmony

Bioengineering The application of engineering to living things, such as humans and plants. Plants are Texting for Water Thanks to High-Tech Sensors

Assistive Bioengineering Results in a product or process that helps living organisms but does not change them permanently

Adaptive Bioengineering Results in a product or process that changes living organisms Cochlear Implants Doctors replaced the 62-year-old man's unhealthy heart with a CardioWest artificial heart during a four-hour procedure. The polyurethane heart—a temporary fix—will keep him alive until a well-matched human heart becomes available.

REVIEW What is the definition of technology?What is the definition of technology? Which is the technologist: Biologist or Architect?Which is the technologist: Biologist or Architect? What is engineering?What is engineering? Why should an engineer communicate his or her results?Why should an engineer communicate his or her results? What are the characteristics of technology?What are the characteristics of technology? WHO ASKS HOW? WHO ASKS WHY?WHO ASKS HOW? WHO ASKS WHY? What is bioengineering?What is bioengineering?