Alex Wiemann. Function of Nervous System Coordinates actions and transmits signals between parts of a body.

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Presentation transcript:

Alex Wiemann

Function of Nervous System Coordinates actions and transmits signals between parts of a body

Definition Central nervous system brain and spinal cord integrate information from the periphery and coordinate activities Peripheral nervous system provides input to the CNS from the periphery carries signals to muscles and glands

Structure of a Neuron

Simple Reflex Arc Harmful sensory input is received by receptors in the skin Signal is sent to spinal cord Spinal cord activates motor neuron Body pulls away from harmful sensory input

Simple Reflex Arc

Brain Structure and Function Cerebral hemispheres occipital lobes: receive and processes visual information temporal lobes: receive auditory signals and process language parietal lobes: integrates sensory information and processes information about touch, taste, pressure, pain, and temperature frontal lobes: integrates and conducts motor activity, conducts speech and thought processes

Brain Structure and Function Diencephalon thalamus integrates sensory and motor information hypothalamus interacts with the autonomic nervous system and maintains homeostasis Brain stem Midbrain control posture, walking, and reflexes of eye movements Medulla: autonomic function including heart rate and breathing Pons: auditory, vestibular, sensory, and motor systems Cerebellum: coordination, balance, and motor learning.

Brain Structure

Nerve Impulse Resting potential + sensory input  threshold potential met  nerve depolarization + repolarization = action potential  refractory period = hyperpolarization  resting potential

Nerve Impulse Pathway

Neurotransmitters NTs are molecules that relay signals from the presynaptic neuron to the postsynaptic cell Action potential  Synapse  synaptic cleft  postsynaptic membrane  NT release

Cerebral Vascular Accidents Description: blood flow to part of brain disrupted Types: Ischemic or thrombotic Signs and symptoms: headache, change in alertness, confusion, difficulty writing, loss of balance, muscle weakness, slurred speech Prevalence: 3 rd most common cause of death in US Treatment: thrombolytic therapy, anticoagulants/blood thinners, surgery

Parkinson’s Disease Description: slowly progressive, degenerative disease resulting from loss of dopamine-producing brain cells Signs and symptoms: tremor, stiffness/rigidity, slow movement, impaired balance Prevalence: 1 million Americans currently Treatment: medication (L-dopa, carbidopa), Deep Brain Stimulation, neural grafting

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