America On The World Stage Chapter

Philippines  Feb. 4, 1899 – Filipinos begin open insurrection under the leadership of Emilio Aguinaldo

Emilio Aguinaldo  Filipinos waged guerilla warfare  US used concentration camps  1901 – Aguinaldo is captured by US troops and insurrection dissolves  July 4, 1946 – Phil. Gains independence

Open Door Policy  1899 – Sec. State John Hay introduced the Open Door Policy  Respect Chinese rights & fair competition  Gained wide US approval  Italy was only European country to accept

Boxer Rebellion  Patriotic Chinese did not like sphere of Western influence  “Kill Foreign Devils”  200 missionaries and other whites  # of foreign diplomats besieged at Beijing (Peking)  18,000 multi-national troops (2,500 US troops) quelled the rebellion

Election of 1900  Republicans re- nominate McKinley  Won war  Acquired rich real estate  Set US on gold standard  Gov. T. Roosevelt to run for Vice-President  NY politicians wanted him out of their hair

Election of 1900  Democrats nominate William Jennings Bryan  Forced a free-silver debate  Big issue was anti- imperialism  McKinley wins 

Theodore Roosevelt  Youngest president to that date – 42  Impulsive, radical  Promised he would cont. McKinley’s policies  hard work

Isthmus Canal  TR became involved in foreign affairs  Believed isthmus canal would augment Navy’s mobility and help merchant trade  Easier to defend new territories  Clayton-Bulwer Treaty (1850) – treaty w/ England that said US could not build a canal  Hay-Pauncefote Treaty (1901) – US could build and fortify a canal

Nicaragua v. Panama  Philippe Bunau Varilla – engineer w/ the New Panama Company  Wanted to sell company to US for bargain price of $40 million  Colombia controls Panama and Colombian Senate rejects treaty

Bunau Varilla’s Rebellion  Bunau Varilla raised a small “patriot” army  Columbian troops gathered to crush the revolt, but the US Navy would not let Columbia enter Panama

Panama Canal  1914 – canal completed at a cost of $400 million just in time for WWI

T.R. and The Monroe Doctrine  Roosevelt feared Europe would interfere as debt-collectors in Latin America  This would be a violation of the Monroe Doctrine  Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine – In the event of future financial malfeasance by Latin America, the US would take over customhouses and pay off their debt. Europe was to stay across the Atlantic  No one can tell Latin America what to do except Uncle Sam  Policeman of the Caribbean

Russo-Japanese War  Russia and Japan go to war in 1904 over disputed land claims in China  Teddy Roosevelt performed as a global statesman to find peace to the conflict  Russia wanted Manchuria for its ice-free ports, and would not leave after the Boxer Rebellion

Portsmouth Conference  Roosevelt forced Japan to withdraw their indemnity request and only gave Japan the southern half of Sakhalin Island  Roosevelt received the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize for Russo-Japanese Treaty and his work to make peace in North Africa

San Francisco  “Gentlemen’s Agreement” –  Secret understanding that Japan would stop the flow of laborers to the US and SF would allow Japanese students in white schools  1907 – TR sent the Great White Fleet on a world tour ending in Japan

Root – Takahira Agreement  1908  US and Japan pledged to respect territorial possessions in the Pacific and to uphold the Open Door Policy in China  The voyage of the Great White Fleet gave Uncle Sam a new slogan : “Join the Navy and see the World.”