ELA TERMS implicit explicit inference close reading analyze summarize paraphrase quote in-text citation point-proof-purpose text dependent analysis

implicit meaning which, though unexpressed in the text, may be understood by the reader; implied explicit fully and clearly expressed or defined Joe was at the gym regularly. He lifted weights and ran on the treadmill. He was preparing for the NYC marathon. Martin rushed home hoping to intercept the mail. Report cards were mailed home yesterday.

inference a conclusion drawn from prior knowledge and evidence Dorothy and her family had lived in Kansas for several years, so they were prepared. As soon as they saw the sky grow dark and felt the wind pick up in intensity, they headed for the shelter. What can the reader infer about this situation?

close reading -reading with a questioning attitude; the careful, sustained interpretation of a brief passage of text. Such a reading places great emphasis on analysis, paying close attention to individual words, syntax, and the order in which sentences and ideas unfold as they are read. Analyze to separate into parts to determine what something is or how it works.

summarize putting the main ideas into your own words. Summaries are significantly shorter than the source and provide a broad overview of the source material. NOTE: Because a summary is in your own words, you do NOT need a citation. Jim Thorpe was a great Olympic athlete who faced many adversities throughout his life.

paraphrase to take info from an outside source and put it into your own words. A paraphrase often has facts and details from the source. Even though you have put most of the info in your own words, you MUST cite the source. Jim Thorpe was a great athlete. His accomplishments included playing professional football for 12 years and professional baseball for 6 years (Gomez 32). He is best known for his participation in the Olympics.

quote to copy exact wording from a source. Quotation marks should be used to indicate that the information is the exact wording. When you use quotes in your writing, you MUST include and in-text citation to indicate the source of the info. Jim Thorpe’s athletic prowess was particularly evident in the 1912 Olympics: “…Thorpe became the first athlete to win the pentathlon (a five-event sport) and the decathlon (made up of ten events) back to back” (Gomez 32). His accomplishments in the Olympics are what he is most known for today.

in-text citation referring to the work of others within your text. This method, known as parenthetical citation, involves placing relevant source info in parentheses after a quote or paraphrase. This info corresponds to the citation in your works cited page. Example from previous slides: (Gomez 32) Gomez is the last name of the author of the article, and the info was on page 32. ***What the writer uses for the in-text citation will vary by the source that is used. As we get into doing research assignments, you will get to see what I mean.

point-proof-purpose an effective paragraph writing strategy for TDA questions. This three-part strategy includes making a statement to answer the question, proving the answer with evidence from the text, and explaining the connections. text dependent analysis questions (TDA) These questions require students to provide evidence from the text and to draw inferences based on what the text says in order to support an analysis.