Current Status of Physics & Future KEKB NP Higgs SM Figure by Dr. Hayasaka (Nagoya Univ.) June 20, 2007 Supersymmetry in Hokkaido Univ. Toru Iijima / Nagoya University

Introduction Current status: CP violation & CKM Recent Topics: –Decay with missing energy B  , D *  Future Prospect B/  physics in the LHC era Super B-Factory Summary Talk Outline 2 Tree1: What we already see. Tree2: What we starting to see. Tree3: What we will see. The Road to NP 2007/6/21Toru ijima, SUSY2010's

e + source Ares RF cavity Belle detector SCC RF(HER) ARES(LER) The KEKB Collider e - (8.0GeV) × e + (3.5GeV) ⇒  (4S) → BB ⇒ Lorentz boost:  = Finite crossing angle - 11mrad ×2 Operation since Peak luminosity 1.71 x cm -2 s -1 !

4 Belle Detector 2007/6/21Toru ijima, SUSY2010's

International Collaboration: Belle 13 countries, 55 institutes, ~400 collaborators Aomori U. BINP Chiba U. Chonnam Nat’l U. U. of Cincinnati Ewha Womans U. Frankfurt U. Gyeongsang Nat’l U. U. of Hawaii Hiroshima Tech. IHEP, Beijing IHEP, Moscow Nagoya U. Nara Women’s U. National Central U. National Taiwan U. National United U. Nihon Dental College Niigata U. Osaka U. Osaka City U. Panjab U. Peking U. U. of Pittsburgh Princeton U. Riken Saga U. USTC Seoul National U. Shinshu U. Sungkyunkwan U. U. of Sydney Tata Institute Toho U. Tohoku U. Tohuku Gakuin U. U. of Tokyo Tokyo Inst. of Tech. Tokyo Metropolitan U. Tokyo U. of Agri. and Tech. Toyama Nat’l College U. of Tsukuba VPI Yonsei U. IHEP, Vienna ITEP Kanagawa U. KEK Korea U. Krakow Inst. of Nucl. Phys. Kyoto U. Kyungpook Nat’l U. EPF Lausanne Jozef Stefan Inst. / U. of Ljubljana / U. of Maribor U. of Melbourne

6 Integrated Luminosity PEP-II for BaBar As of Mar. 15, 2007 KEKB for Belle KEKB/Belle: fb -1  (4S):620.6 fb -1  (5S): 21.2 fb -1  (3S): 2.9 fb -1 Off-peak: 58.9 fb -1 PEP-II/BaBar: fb /6/21Toru ijima, SUSY2010's

Search for Light Dark Matter Results of Y(3S) running (2.9 fb -1 w/ special trigger) Even if  (1S) is invisible, we can observe via cascade decay Y(3S)      Y(1S) invisible as a recoil mass peak Recent Hot Topics PRL 98, (2007)    S  No way to search Light dark matter for direct search experiments The heaviest quarkonium, Upsilon , has potential for Invisible (i.e. Dark Matter) decay Phys. Rev. D 72, (2005) Demonstration with control sample Y(3S)      Y(1S), Y(1S)      data Fit BG Prediction in Phys. Rev. D 72, 1035 (2005) Br(Y(1S)  invisble)=6.0x10 -3 Br( Y(1S)  invisible )  2.5x10  3 (90%C.L.) Disfavored

8 Belle Physics Milestone Observation of B  K l + l - Large CP Violation in B Discovery of X(3872) Hint of NP in B->  K 0 Direct CPV in B 0  K +   Evidence of B   Observation of b  d  Exciting results every year ! # of publications = ~40 / year 219 in total (submitted) Exciting results every year ! # of publications = ~40 / year 219 in total (submitted) Observation of DCPV in B   +  - Evidence of D 0 mixing 2007/6/21Toru ijima, SUSY2010's

Tree 1: Current status: CP violation & CKM 9 The Road to NP 2007/6/21Toru ijima, SUSY2010's

2007/6/21Toru ijima, SUSY2010's B Decays and the Unitarity Triangle B →  B →  “Time-dependent CP asym. (Indirect CPV)” B-B mixing B →  /B → K*  B → J/  Ks B→KB→K B → DK B →  /K  & Other charmless decays “Partial rate asym (Direct CPV)” Inclusive b → ul Exclusive  l  l  … Inclusive b → cl Exclusive  D*  l  … 10

Mar sin2  1 =  (4% accuracy) PRL 98, (2007) hep-ex/ World avg. (i.e. with OPAL, ALEPH,CDF) B 0  J/     (2S)K S,  c K S,  c1 K S,  J/   B 0  J/   (  1 = 21.3  1.0 deg.) Average with B factories only in era of LHC

CPV in b  s Penguin Processes 2007/6/21Toru ijima, SUSY2010's 12  NP ? Heavy particles may be mediated in the quantum loop. In SM, CPV(B 0   Ks) = CPV(B 0  J/  Ks) If a new particle carries a quantum new phase CPV(B 0   Ks) ≠CPV(B 0  J/  Ks)

Mar. 2007:  1 with b  s Penguins Smaller than b  ccs in all of 9 modes Smaller than b  ccs in all of 9 modes Theory tends to predict positive shifts (originating from phase in Vts) Naïve average of all b  s modes sin2  eff = 0.53 ±  deviation between penguin and tree (b  s) (b  c) Naïve average of all b  s modes sin2  eff = 0.53 ±  deviation between penguin and tree (b  s) (b  c) More statistics crucial for mode-by-mode studies in era of LHC

 2 : B   +   t (ps) Asym. Num. of Ev  t (ps ) Asym. Num. of Ev. B 0 tag A  =  0.55  0.08  0.05 S  =  0.61  0.10  MBB hep-ex/ Direct 5.5  383MBB C  (  A  ) =  0.21  0.09  0.02 S  =  0.60  0.11  0.03 hep-ex/  deg. 2007/6/21 14 Toru ijima, SUSY2010's

 3 : B  DK (*) Use DCPV via interference between b  c and b  u tree decays. Three methods are used –GLW (D 0  f CP ) –ADS (DCSD) –GGSZ (Dalitz) 15  /  3 = [62 ]  +38  u b u u c s W B +d+d  D0D0 V cs V*ubV*ub f COM 3 u b u s u c W B +d+d D0D0 ++ V us V * cb _ f COM /6/21Toru ijima, SUSY2010's

|V ub | Measurement Semileptonic decays are the most common utilities. Measurement of b → ul suffer from O(10 3 ) larger b → cl background, and need introduce a cut  extrapolation error. In B factory era, tagging allows us to measure not only P l, but also Mx and q2, by which the extrapolation error can be reduced. 16 L Pl at endpoint Belle, PLB621, 28(2005) ~10% Mx (hadron mass) Belle, PRL95, (2005) ~80% |V ub | from inclusive b  u (ICHEP2006, BLNP) 2007/6/21Toru ijima, SUSY2010's

|V td | BB mixing 17 (~4% accuracy) exp. theo.. B   /K*  V ts s,d B  Belle+BaBar 2007/6/21Toru ijima, SUSY2010's

Success of B Factories KM model of CPV has been firmly established. sin2  1 = ±0.025 is now a precise measurement (~4%). The other angles are becoming interesting. –  2 from  /  /  –2  1 +  3 from B  D (*)  –  3 from B  DK (w/ D Dalitz) + side measurements too. |V cb |, |V ub |.  m d  m s Paradigm change: look for Alternatives to CKM Corrections by NP Need far precise tests

Tree 2: Recent Hot Topics:  / D (*)   H + 19 The Road to NP 2007/6/21Toru ijima, SUSY2010's

20 B   Proceed via W annihilation in the SM. SM Branching fraction is given by WW  f B determination H/WH/W  Sensitive to the charged Higgs 2007/6/21Toru ijima, SUSY2010's

Full Reconstruction Method Fully reconstruct one of the B’s to tag –B production –B flavor/charge –B momentum Υ(4S) e  (8GeV) e+(3.5GeV) B B  full (0.1~0.3%) reconstruction B  D  etc. Single B meson beam in offline ! Decays of interests B  Xu l, B  K  B  D ,  Powerful tools for B decays w/ neutrinos

B   Candidate Event B +  D 0  + K +  -  +  - K +  -  +  - B -   -  e - e -

The 1 st Evidence of B   The final results are deduced by unbinned likelihood fit to the obtained E ECL distributions. Signal shape : Gauss + exponential Background shape : second-order polynomial + Gauss (peaking component) Signal + background Background B   Signal Observe 17.2 events. Significance decreased to 3.5  after including systematics  : Statistical Significance PRL97, (2006)

24 Constraints on Charged Higgs 22 rHrH A A B B 2007/6/21Toru ijima, SUSY2010's

B  D (*)  Sensitive to the charged Higgs. Theoretical systematics from the form factor. Additional information from  polarization. c b  H/WH/W  25 Decay amplitude Tauonic decay is the most sensitive ! f B in case of  Belle has observed B 0  D *-  + !

B  D*  : Reconstruction 26 from K.-F.Cheng’ FPCP /6/21Toru ijima, SUSY2010's

B  D*  : Results /6/21Toru ijima, SUSY2010's

28 Cross Checks  e background signal cos    M tag >5.275M tag <5.26 signal other D*  background Fit to signal side variable M tag >5.27 Preliminary 2007/6/21Toru ijima, SUSY2010's

Tree 3: Future Prospect, Super-B 29 The Road to NP 2007/6/21Toru ijima, SUSY2010's

Super-B: Motivation If new physics at O(1)TeV… –It is natural to assume that the effects are seen in B/D/  decays. –New source of CP violation ? –Flavour structure of new physics? –These studies will be useful to identify mechanism of SUSY breaking, if NP=SUSY. Otherwise… – Search for deviations from SM in flavor physics will be one of the best ways to find new physics. 2007/6/21Toru ijima, SUSY2010's 30

Physics Reach at Super-B New CPV phase in b  sqq FCNC B  Xs , B  Xsll Modes including CKM  decays 5ab -1 50ab -1 Physics at Super B Factory (hep-ex/ ) We are working to update the table.

Search for New CPV in b  s 32 B   K 0,  ’K 0, KsKsKs projection for SuperKEKB for SuperKEKB |A SUSY /A SM | 2  new physics Discovery region w/ 50 ab /6/21Toru ijima, SUSY2010's

A cp (B  X s  ) vs SUSY models mSUGURA tan  =30 U(2) tan  =30 SU(5)+ R tan  =30 degenerate SU(5)+ R tan  =30 non-degenerate mSUGURA tan  =30 U(2) tan  =30 SU(5)+ R tan  =30 degenerate SU(5)+ R tan  =30 non-degenerate Mixing CPV Direct CPV A cp dir A cp mix 5ab -1 50ab -1

Charged Higgs Search in B   Charged Higgs Mass Reach (95.5%CL tan  =30) Only exp. error (  V ub =0%,  f B =0%)  V ub =5%,  f B =5%  V ub =2.5%,  f B =2.5% Mass Reach (GeV) Luminsoity(ab -1 ) Now 5ab -1 WW 

LFV in  Decays Quarks and neutrinos have mixings. What about charged leptons ? What are the relations between neutrinos and charged leptons ? quarks and charged leptons ? Br(  ) = O( ) x Br(  ). Enough chance to see    or   lll. The two decays have different sensitivity for different NP models. 35   3l, l  ll 2007/6/21Toru ijima, SUSY2010's

Br~O(10 -8  9 ) at Super B factory ! T LFV Prospect             suffers from background due to ISR.

Interaction Region Crab crossing  =30mrad.  y*=3mm New QCS Super-KEKB Linac upgrade More RF power Damping ring New Beam pipe Increase beam currents 1.6 A (LER) / 1.2 A (HER) → 9.4 A (LER) / 4.1 A (HER) Smaller  y * 6 mm→3 mm Increase  y 0.059→>0.24(W-S) L=8x10 35 cm -2 s -1 8GeV (e+, 4.1A) 3.5GeV (e-, 9.6A)

Super-KEKB (cont’d) Head-on collision w/ Crab cavity New crab cavity Ante-chamber /solenoid for reduction of electron clouds Circular-chamber Build-up of electron clouds Ante-chamber with solenoid field Will be tested in 2006.

Crab Cavity Superconducting crab cavities (1LER and 1HER) have been installed, and being tested at KEKB /6/21Toru ijima, SUSY2010's

HERLER Crab OFF Crab ON H. Ikeda, et al.

Detector Upgrade  Higher background  Higher event rate  Require special features - low p m identification - full recon. eff. - hermeticity ; “reconstruction” - radiation damage and occupancy - fake hits and pile-up noise in the EM - higher rate trigger, DAQ and computing Issues  Vertexing  Tracking  Particle ID  EM Cal  KL &   Vertexing  Tracking  Particle ID  EM Cal  KL &  Pixel det. Small cell Fast gas Si-tracker F-DIRC+TOP Aerogel RICH Pure CsI Liquid-Xe etc. LST Scintillator  Fully pipelined readout  Large scale computing  Fully pipelined readout  Large scale computing New Challenge! Intensive R&Ds!

42 Belle Upgrade SC solenoid 1.5T New readout and computing systems CsI(Tl) 16X 0  pure CsI (endcap) Aerogel Cherenkov counter + TOF counter  “TOP” + RICH Si vtx. det. 4 lyr. DSSD  2 pixel/striplet lyrs. + 4 lyr. DSSD Tracking + dE/dx small cell + He/C 2 H 5  remove inner lyrs. Use fast gas  / K L detection 14/15 lyr. RPC+Fe  tile scintillator 2007/6/21Toru ijima, SUSY2010's

Summary B-factories have been so successful.  KM-model of CP violation firmly established.  Paradigm shifted to search for NP effects. We are starting to measure B   /D (*)   Search for charged Higgs. Flavor physics still on the center stage in 2010’s. Super-KEKB enables us to study effects of TeV- scale NP in B and  decays /6/21Toru ijima, SUSY2010's

Pushing Luminosity Frontier L*=X10 / 5 years ! L~10 35 cm -2 s -1 by 2010 L~10 36 cm -2 s -1 by 2015 L~10 43 cm -2 s -1 by 2050 ? (How old will you be ?) BOYS BE AMBITIOUS !

Backup Slides

 2 : B   /  /  46 Beauty2006 FPCP2007 Two solutions in the global CKM fit. Need more data. 2007/6/21Toru ijima, SUSY2010's

A CP (K  ) puzzle ? A CP (K +  0 ) =  A CP (K +   ) =   deviation: 0.14/0.03 > 4.6  New physics  A CP (K +  0 ) =  A CP (K +   ) =   deviation: 0.14/0.03 > 4.6  New physics 

B  D*  : Bkg. Suppression /6/21Toru ijima, SUSY2010's

49 f B Extraction SM branching fraction is given by Product of B meson decay constant f B and CKM matrix element |V ub | Using |V ub | = (4.39  0.33)×10 -3 from HFAG f B = 216  22 MeV [HPQCD, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, (2005) ] 15% 14% = 12%(exp.) + 8%(V ub ) 2007/6/21Toru ijima, SUSY2010's

B  D*  : Bkg. Suppression /6/21Toru ijima, SUSY2010's

Future prospect Possible sensitivity at 5ab -1 Estimated upper limit range of Br PDG2006 Belle Babar based on eff. and N BG of most sensitive analysis