Kevin Ochoa, Marquez Thomas,Jordan Smith Science project 8A

 The first form of elemental phosphorus to be produced (white phosphorus, in 1669) emits a faint glow upon exposure to oxygen – hence its name given from Greek mythology, Φωσφόρος meaning "light-bearer" (Latin Lucifer ), referring to the "Morning Star", the planet Venus. The term "phosphorescence", meaning glow after illumination, originally derives from this property of phosphorus, although this word has since been used for a different physical process that produces a glow. The glow of phosphorus itself originates from oxidation of the white (but not red) phosphorus— a process now termed chemiluminescence.  Phosphorus is essential for life. As phosphate, it is a component of DNA, RNA, ATP, and also the phospholipids that form all cell membranes. Demonstrating the link between phosphorus and life, elemental phosphorus was historically first isolated from human urine, and bone ash was an important early phosphate source. Phosphate minerals are fossils. Low phosphate levels are an important limit to growth in some aquatic systems. The chief commercial use of phosphorus compounds for production of fertilizers is due to the need to replace the phosphorus that plants remove from the soil.

 Phosphorus is a chemical element with symbol P and atomic number 15. A multivalent nonmetal of the nitrogen group, phosphorus as a mineral is almost always present in its maximally oxidized state, as inorganic phosphate rocks. Elemental phosphorus exists in two major forms—white phosphorus and red phosphorus—but due to its high reactivity, phosphorus is never found as a free element on Earth.

 Hennig Brand in 1669.

 The chemical element phosphorus has many uses and applications in everyday life. According to Nautilus, these applications include fireworks, luminous projectiles and matches. Phosphorus is also extensively used in industry for the production of metal alloys and as an additive to industrial oils. Its most popular application is in the fertilizer industry, which absorbs almost all extracted phosphates found in rocks.

 Over 693 events happened.  Richard Nixon becomes President of the United States  The first man is landed on the moon on the Apollo 11 mission by the United States and Neil Armstrong and Edwin 'Buzz' Aldrin became the first humans to set foot on the Moon. and the famous words "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." will become part of our history

 Charles "Pete" Conrad and Alan Bean of Apollo 12 land on the Moon to become the second set of American astronauts to walk on the moons surface.  Woodstock attracts more than 350,000 rock-n- roll fans, Atlanta International Pop Festival on 4th July attracts 100,000 fans, Isle of Wight Festival attracted an audience of approximately 150,000

 Astronomy and space exploration  Biology:Marcello Malpighi publishes Dissertatio Epistolica de Bombyce in London, a study of Bombyx mori which is the first published monograph on an invertebrate  Chemistry:  Medicine :  Meteorology and much more ! (example)  Herbert Saffir and Bob Simpson develop the Saffir- Simpson Hurricane Scale.  Eugene Oregon had an record snowfall of 3 feet in 3 days during late January. A pineapple express moved into the region with a shot of cold air, then there was some snow showers after that.

 Phosphorus is classified as an element in the 'Non-metals' section which can be located in groups 14,15 and 16 of the Periodic Table. Non-metals are not easily able to conduct electricity or heat and do not reflect light. Non-metallic elements are very brittle, and cannot be rolled into wires or pounded into sheets. Non-metallic elements exist, at room temperature, in two of the three states of matter : gases (such as oxygen) and solids (such as carbon).