RADIATION SAFETY ORIENTATION COURSE

Ionizing Radiation - can deposit energy in neighboring atoms resulting in the removal of electrons. NUCLEAR RADIATION X-RADIATION

Ionization of an Atom

1 ROENTGEN (R) = 2.58 X coulombs kg 1 RAD (RAD) = 100 ergs per gram 1 REM (REM = 1 RAD X Q factor Q factors gamma & beta = 1 thermal n = 2 fast n = 10 alpha = 20 FOR GAMMA & BETA RADIATION 1 ROENTGEN » 1 RAD » 1 REM

HALF LIFE Time 1 ½ Half Life is the length of time it takes for a amount of radioactive material to decay to one half it’s original amount.

DECAY EQUATION A t = A 0 e - A t = activity at time t A 0 = activity at time 0 t ½ = isotope half life t = time from t ½ ( ) t

SHIELDING

WHY DON’T milliRem = milliCuries SHIELDING ISOTOPE ENERGY METER EFFICIENCY

ENVIRONMENTALSOURCES OF OF RADIATION RADIATION COSMIC EARTHPEOPLE

Consumer Products

BREMSSTRAHLUNG RADIATION

POTENTIAL LATENT BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS DUE TO CHRONIC RADIATION EXPOSURE RADIATION EXPOSURE GENETICCANCER

ACUTE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS DUE TO RADIATION EXPOSURE X-RAY / GAMMA EXPOSURE EXPOSURE BETA EXPOSURE

Preparation Designate and label areas for working with radioactive material Label all containers with a radioactive material label and specify the isotope No eating, drinking or smoking in the laboratory No mouth pipetting of radioactive material

Conducting the Research Use spill trays and absorbent covering Use fume hoods for handling potentially volatile material Wear laboratory coat, disposable gloves, and laboratory safety glasses Use gloves appropriate for the chemicals to be handled

Post Research Monitor and decontaminate surfaces as described in Chapter 7 of the Radiation Safety Manual Dispose of radioactive waste in waste containers in accordance with Appendix G in the Radiation Safety Manual. Ensure the container is labeled with a "Radioactive Material" label and specify the radioisotope in the container.

PERFORM MONTHLY SURVEYS  MAINTAIN THE SECURITY OF ISOTOPES, INCLUDING RADIOACTIVE WASTE

Contamination Limits Swipe test results Laboratory Areas < 1000 DPM per 100 square cm Unrestricted Areas (everywhere else) < 200 DPM per 100 square cm

DESIGNATE AND LABEL RADIOACTIVE WORK AREAS LABEL ALL CONTAINERS AND ITEMS POTENTIALLY CONTAMINATED

Door between Food and Radiation

Lab Hygiene

Normal Tc99m Scan

Abnormal Tc99m Scan

MEDICAL USES OF MEDICAL USES OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS AND AND RADIATION RADIATION

TO MINIMIZE YOUR RADIATION EXPOSURE TO MINIMIZE YOUR RADIATION EXPOSURE A S L OW A S R EASONABLY A CHIEVABLE ALARA YOU WILL PRACTICE PRINCIPLES

EXTERNAL EXPOSURE PROTECTION METHODS EXTERNAL EXPOSURE PROTECTION METHODS TIMEDISTANCESHIELDING

TIME THE SHORTER THE TIME EXPOSED TO RADIATION, THE SMALLER THE RADIATION DOSE RECEIVED.

DISTANCE AS YOU INCREASE THE DISTANCE FROM THE RADIATION SOURCE, THE RADIATION LEVELS DECREASE. FOR A POINT SOURCE : mR/hr 1 mR/hr 2 mR/hr 1 mR/hr 2 (distance 2 ) 2 (distance 1 ) 2 = INVERSE SQUARE LAW

SHIELDING

METHODS OF CONTAMINATION CONTROL 1. GLOVES 2. LAB COATS OR APRONS 3. DECONTAMINATE 4. FUME HOODS 5. GLOVE BOX 6. PROTECTIVE SUITS

PERSONALEXPOSUREMONITORING EXTERNAL INTERNAL

Whole Body5000 millirem/yr Lens of Eye15000 millirem/yr Skin50000 millirem/yr Extremity50000 millirem/yr Minors10% of Adult Embryo/Fetus500 millirem 100 millirem/yr

INTERNAL RADIATION EXPOSURE PROTECTION METHODS CONTAINMENT PROTECTIVE CLOTHING BIOASSAY PROGRAM

BIOASSAY INTERNAL RADIATION MONITORING I-131 & I-125 H-3, C-14, S-35, P-32

PRENATAL RADIATION RADIATION EXPOSURE EXPOSURE The University of Kentucky limits the dose to an embryo or fetus during the entire pregnancy, due to occupational exposure of a declared pregnant woman, to 500 millirem.

DECLARATION OF PREGNANCY IN WRITING TO THE RADIATION SAFETY OFFICER WILL LOWER THE DOSE TO THE FETUS TO 5OO MILLIREM FOR THE TERM OF THE PREGNANCY

U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORYCOMMISSION DOT, FAA FDA, EPA, FEMA IATA KY RADIATION CONTROLBRANCH UNIVERSITY OF OF KENTUCKY KENTUCKY

RADIATION SAFETY OFFICE OFFICE RADIATION SAFETY COMMITTEE COMMITTEE PRINCIPAL PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR INVESTIGATOR AUTHORIZED USER RADIATION WORKER WORKER

ORDERING RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL UTILIZE APPENDIX ‘E’ OF THE RADIATION SAFETY MANUAL ORDERS HAVE TO BE FAXED OR DELIVERED TO 102 A/P BY 11:30 AM FOR NEXT DAY DELIVERY

INVENTORY REPORTS DOCUMENT AND FAX TO MONTHLY DOCUMENT ACTIVITY IN NON-DECAY AMOUNTS INDICATE THE DATE WHEN A VIAL / SOURCE HAS BEEN COMPLETELY DISPOSED IN THE WASTE

RECEIVING RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS ALL RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL TRANSPORTED ONTO UK PROPERTY MUST HAVE A SURVEY AND MANIFEST PROTOCOL PERFORMED BY RADIATION SAFETY OFFICE

THIS INCLUDES: ROUTINE ORDERS SEALED SOURCES FREE SAMPLES OFF CAMPUS TRANSFERS

SHIPPING RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS ALL RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL TRANSPORTED OFF OF UK PROPERTY MUST HAVE A SURVEY AND MANIFEST PROTOCOL PERFORMED BY RADIATION SAFETY OFFICE

Contamination Limits NORMAL LABORATORY OPERATIONS

CLEARING RADIOACTIVE EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT MUST BE CLEARED BY RSO TRANSFER TO SURPLUS SHIPPING TO MFG FOR REPAIR CLOSING A RADIATION LAB

SURVEY REQUIREMENTS EACH LAB MUST DOCUMENT A METER SURVEY AND A SWIPE SURVEY FOR EVERY CALENDAR MONTH. EXCEPTION: C-14, H-3 AND S-35 LABS ARE EXEMPT FROM METER SURVEY DOCUMENTATION

AUDIO RESET SELECT CALIBRATION BATTERIES METER RESPONSE PROBE

LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTER SET-UP ISOTOPE WINDOW SETTINGS MULTI-ISOTOPE SINGLE ISOTOPE 3 H 14 C, 35 S 32 P keV keV keV keV keV keV

DPM = CPM CPMEFFICIENCY TYPICAL EFFICIENCIES 3 H 3 H 14 C, 35 S 32 P 32 P % % 60 % 60 % 100 %

Staff Training Records-keeping Communications Good Housekeeping Other safety considerations

WASTE PICKUP WASTE CONTAINERS WILL BE PROVIDED BY THE RADIATION SAFETY OFFICE 10 & 32 GAL WASTE LINERS ARE ALSO PROVIDED(CLEAR) AQUEOUS LIQUID CARBOYS ARE PROVIDED WASTE TICKETS MUST BE COMPLETELY FILLED IN FOR EACH PICKUP - ISOTOPE AND ACTIVITY FOR ALL TICKETS LIQUID CARBOYS-pH AND CONSTITUENTS

DRY WASTE PAPER, PLASTIC, GLOVES, UNBROKEN GLASSWARE SEGREGATE IN 120 DAY HALFLIFE GLASS PIPETTES AND BROKEN GLASSWARE - SEGREGATE IN CARDBOARD BOX NO HAZARDOUS, BIOHAZARDOUS, LIQUID MATERIAL OR HEAVY METALS (RED BAGS MUST BE DEACTIVATED)

DRY WASTE DEFACE ALL RADIATION SYMBOLS IN WASTE WITH < 120 DAY HALF-LIFE

LIQUID WASTE NO SOLID MATERIAL (PIPETTE TIPS ETC.) NO HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INCLUDING: ORGANICS, BIOHAZARDS OR HEAVY METALS (BLEACH MAY BE ADDED TO DEACTIVATE BIOHAZARDOUS COMPONENT) SEGREGATE P-32 IF POSSIBLE CARBOYS MUST BE CAPPED DURING STORAGE

SCINTILLATION WASTE LEAVE THE VIALS INTACT, WITH CAPS ON THEM SEGREGATE P-32 IF POSSIBLE TRACK ISOTOPE AND ACTIVITY OF VIALS IN SHARED LABS

ANIMAL WASTE CARCASSES MUST BE FROZEN WASTE TICKET WITH ISOTOPE AND ACTIVITY BEDDING AND EXCREMENT MAY BE RADIOACTIVE WASTE IN SOME SITUATIONS

EMERGENCY RESPONSE NOTIFY THE RADIATION SAFETY OFFICE WHEN: A CONTAMINATION EVENT INVOLVES PERSONNEL A SPILL IS GREATER THAN ~100 MICROCURIES RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS ARE MISSING (INCLUDING WASTE) FIRE, EXPLOSION, OR OTHER INCIDENT COULD SPREAD CONTAMINATION IN A RADIATION LAB

EMERGENCY RESPONSE In case of an accident involving contamination of personnel, the following steps should be taken in the order listed. Personnel Protection If hazard is extreme (high radiation level or suspect air contamination), evacuate the area immediately; close and lock the door. Remove contaminated clothing and wash contaminated parts of the body thoroughly with detergent. Contact the Radiation Safety Office ( )/after hours Campus 911. Warn fellow workers of the spill hazard and keep others out of the area.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE Contamination Control Localize area of spill. Place absorbent material over a liquid spill. Do not track contamination out of the spill area, if possible. Remove shoes at the edge of contaminated area. If contamination is widespread outside the laboratory, it may be necessary to call the Campus Police (911) to assist in securing the area. Check all objects and clothing for contamination before leaving the area.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES Abortive attempts at decontamination can make things much worse. Unless immediate action is demanded to safeguard personnel, decontamination should be done under the supervision of Radiation Safety personnel. Laboratory personnel are normally required to perform the major portion of the decontamination. Radiation Safety personnel will determine the procedures and equipment to be used and will render assistance as necessary.