Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Specialized Business Information Systems Chapter 11

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition An Overview of Artificial Intelligence

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition The Nature of Intelligence Learn from experience & apply the knowledge Handle complex situations Solve problems when important information is missing Determine what is important

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition The Nature of Intelligence React quickly & correctly to new situations Understand visual images Process & manipulate symbols Be creative & imaginative Use heuristics

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition The Difference Between Natural and Artificial Intelligence

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition The Major Branches of Artificial Intelligence

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition An Overview of Expert Systems

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Characteristics of an Expert System Can explain their reasoning or suggested decisions Can display “intelligent” behavior Can draw conclusions from complex relationships Can provide portable knowledge Can deal with uncertainty Not widely used or tested

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Characteristics of an Expert System Limited to relatively narrow problems Cannot readily deal with “mixed” knowledge Possibility of error Cannot refine its own knowledge May have high development costs Raise legal and ethical concerns

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Capabilities of an Expert Systems Strategic goal setting Planning Design Decision-making Quality control and monitoring Diagnosis

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Capabilities of Expert Systems

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition When to Use Expert Systems High payoff Preserve scarce expertise Distribute expertise Provide more consistency than humans Faster solutions than humans Training expertise

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Components of an Expert System

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Knowledge Base Assembling human experts The use of fuzzy logic The use of rules The use of cases

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Knowledge Base

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Inference Engine Backward chaining Forward chaining Comparison of backward and forward chaining

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition The Use of Rules

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition The Knowledge Acquisition Facility

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Components of an Expert System The explanation facility The knowledge acquisition facility The user interface

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Expert Systems Development

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Participants in Developing and Using Expert Systems Domain expert Knowledge engineer Knowledge user

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Participants in Developing and Using Expert Systems

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Domain Experts Recognize the real problem Develop a general framework for problem solving Formulate theories about the situation Develop and use general rules to solve a problem Know when to break the rules or general principles Solve problems quickly and efficiently

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Expert Systems Development Tools and Techniques

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Expert Systems Development Tools and Techniques

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Expert Systems Development Alternatives

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Applications of Expert Systems and Artificial Intelligence Credit granting and loan analysis Stock picking Catching cheats and terrorists Budgeting

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Applications of Expert System and Artificial Intelligence Information management and retrieval Games Virus detection Hospitals and medical facilities

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Virtual Reality

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Virtual Reality Enables one or more users to move and react in a computer-simulated environment Immersive virtual reality - user becomes fully immersed in an artificial, three-dimensional world that is completely generated by a computer Virtual reality system - enables one or more users to move and react in a computer-simulated environment

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Segway

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Interface Devices Head-mounted display (HMD) Binocular Omni-Orientation Monitor (BOOM) CAVE Haptic interface

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Forms of Virtual Reality Mouse-controlled navigation Stereo projection systems Stereo viewing from the monitor via stereo glasses

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Useful Applications Medicine – used to link stroke patients to physical therapists Education and training – used by military for aircraft maintenance Entertainment –Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Useful Applications Real Estate Marketing and Tourism –Used to increase real estate sales –Virtual reality tour of the White House

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Other Specialized Systems Segway Personal Transporter Adaptive brain interface technology Personal awareness assistant (PAA)

Principles of Information Systems, Sixth Edition Summary Artificial intelligence - used to describe computers with ability to mimic or duplicate functions of the human brain Intelligent behavior - includes the ability to learn from experience Expert systems - can explain their reasoning (or suggested decisions) and display intelligent behavior Virtual reality systems - enables one or more users to move and react in a computer-simulated environment Special-purpose systems - assist organizations and individuals in new and exciting ways. For example, Segway