Lyme disease

 Group or bacteria with a highly characteristic appearance  Helical, slender, relatively long cells  One of the species of “borrelia” cause lyme disease in human

 Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato is name given to the overall category  North America, Bb sensu stricto  Europe Bb sensu stricto, B.garinii, and B.afzelii  Asia has B.garinii

Super kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: spirochaetes Order: spirochaetales Family: spirochaelaceae Genus: Borrelia Species: borrelia burgdorferi

 The early symptoms are mild and easily overlook.  The first symptom is usually an expanding rash.  Called erythema migrans.  Appear as a solid red expanding rash or blotch, OR a central spot surrounded by clear skin that in ringed by an expanding red rash looks like bull’s eye.

 Borrelia has been isolated from nearly every organ  Tendon  Heart  muscle

 General  Profound fatigue, headache, fever severe muscle aches/pain  Brain (tingling sensations of the extremities- peripheral neuropathy, facial palsy  Eyes :vision changes, retinal damage, optic atropy  Skin: rash not at bite site (erythema migrans)

 There are number of blood test available  Antibody test :ELISA and western blot tests. Although there is false positive and negative result  Antigen detection tests  Polymerase chain reaction: this test multiplies the of Bb DNA to detectable measurable level

 Precautionary routine Wear enclosed shoes and light-clolred clothing with a tight weave to spot ticks easily Scan clothes and any exposed skin Stay on cleared, well- traveled trails Insect repellent containing DEET (Diethyl- meta-tolumide) in skin or cloths Inspect yourself and your children carefully after been heavily bushed area

 Treatments varies and depends on timings  Tetracycline or amoxycillin/probonicid  Four later complication such as meningitis ceferiaxone non- steroidal anti inflammatory drug

 Highly motile  Internal bundle of flagella; cause it to contract like muscle  Swim through blood vessel, extracellular matrix, connective tissue  Swim at the rate of several inches in a matter of few days

 If you DO find a tick attach tjo your skin,there is no need to panic. Not all ticks are infected  Without jerking, using a pair of pointed precision tweezers, grasp the tick by the head or mouthparts right where they enter the skin.  Do not twist the tick out,  Clean the bite wound with disinfectant

 LYMEric is made from lipidated rOspA pf B.burgdorferi sensu stricto.  Three dosages required for optimal protection Mechanism of Action: B.burgdorferi in a vector tick undergoes substantial antigenic change between the time of tick attachment on a mammalian host and transmission of the bacterium to the host.  Treatments include antibiotics, amoxicillin, penicillin, deoxycycline  For complicated case these antibiotics given through IV.

 Most B.burgdorferi infections result from residential exposure to infected ticks during property maintenance, recreation, and leisure activity  The person who engage in outdoor occupations  Forestry  landscaping

 Endemic in several region in the U.S.A, Canada, and temperate Eurasia  ,000> reported cases. 5.5 cases/100,000 population  Highest reported rates occur in children under the age15 years