Nationalism and Sectionalism in the Economy and Society

Name That President!! Louisiana Purchase War of 1812 XYZ Affair Era of Good Feelings “Corrupt Bargain” Proclamation of Neutrality Embargo Act Alien and Sedition Acts “Tariff of Abominations” War Hawks Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Market Revolution Early-mid 1800s saw a dramatic change in US economy The US underwent a “market revolution” by which people in the US began to shift from PRODUCING their own products to BUYING & SELLING them from other people

Technological Advances Caused more sectionalism because each region (N & S) became more specialized –North: focus on factories and manufacturing –South: increased cotton production & trade ALSO caused increased nationalism because N & S began to depend on one another economically –South provided the North with the cotton they needed to manufacture textiles

Technological Advances cont. Samuel Morse perfected the telegraph in 1832 by developing the Morse code –What effect do you think the telegraph had on the US? Eli Whitney popularized interchangeable parts

Cotton gin

Expansion of slavery

The Cotton Belt by 1850

John Deere developed a plow in 1837 that cut cleanly allowing for labor time in fields to be loweredJohn Deere developed a plow in 1837 that cut cleanly allowing for labor time in fields to be lowered Cyrus McCormick patented a mechanical reaper in 1834, allowing more harvesting of grain with less effortCyrus McCormick patented a mechanical reaper in 1834, allowing more harvesting of grain with less effort Technological Advances for the South and West

Advances in Water Transportation Robert Fulton stunned the nation when the Clermont, a steamboat, traveled up the Hudson River from NYC to Albany in 32 hoursRobert Fulton stunned the nation when the Clermont, a steamboat, traveled up the Hudson River from NYC to Albany in 32 hours Success of steamboat brought about construction of many canals. The Erie Canal was completed in 1825Success of steamboat brought about construction of many canals. The Erie Canal was completed in 1825 –Connected the Hudson River in eastern NY state & the northern part of Lake Erie

Advances on Land Roads and turnpikes were being built as early as 1811Roads and turnpikes were being built as early as 1811 –National Road: connected Maryland & Illinois 1 st attempt by federal government to fund construction of a highway1 st attempt by federal government to fund construction of a highway Railroads appear in the early 1800s. They helped to:Railroads appear in the early 1800s. They helped to: –Transport settlers west –Expand trade between the nations different regions

National Road et al.

Cotton Kingdom South was still relying on the Plantation SystemSouth was still relying on the Plantation System Cotton gin allowed the South to produce cotton much faster and keep up with the industrial markets in North and EuropeCotton gin allowed the South to produce cotton much faster and keep up with the industrial markets in North and Europe

Cotton Kingdom cont. Slave women worked along w/ men in fields, maintained homes, and raised familiesSlave women worked along w/ men in fields, maintained homes, and raised families By age of 8, slave children were expected to workBy age of 8, slave children were expected to work

Industrial North Produced textiles at an extremely fast rate with the factory system.Produced textiles at an extremely fast rate with the factory system. –Samuel Slater established 1 st textile factory in US Growing numbers of immigrants to North provided for cheap labor.Growing numbers of immigrants to North provided for cheap labor. Women and children were also a large portion of those who worked in factories.Women and children were also a large portion of those who worked in factories.

Slater’s factory

Lowell Mills Francis Cabot Lowell – established 1 st centralized factories in New England Hired primarily young, unmarried women

Industrial North cont. Many who were farmers in the North fled to cities to work in industry Middle and upper class that lived in cities now migrated to outskirts –Didn’t want to associate with “undesirables” or the poor Men were expected to work while women were expected to maintain the home and raise children

Industrial North cont. Although most African Americans in North were free, they were not given same rights They were usually segregated and not allowed to vote Riots over jobs often occurred between African Americans and poor whites

Nativism The hostility towards foreigners by those already in an areaThe hostility towards foreigners by those already in an area Catholics were targeted the mostCatholics were targeted the most Groups were formed to push for laws banning immigrants and Catholics from holding officeGroups were formed to push for laws banning immigrants and Catholics from holding office

American/Know-Nothing Party July 1854-Nativists formed the American PartyJuly 1854-Nativists formed the American Party Membership was secret and when a member was asked about the party his response would be “I know nothing”Membership was secret and when a member was asked about the party his response would be “I know nothing” Party was nicknamed the “Know- Nothings”Party was nicknamed the “Know- Nothings”