CHAPTER 4 SECTION 2 THE HUMAN WORLD: GLOBAL CULTURES

EQ: How does the spatial interaction of cultures affect human systems? OBJ: I will discover the elements and spread of culture

GRAPHIC ORGANIZER Elements of Culture

ELEMENTS OF CULTURE  Culture is the way of life of a group of people who share similar beliefs and customs  Language  People use language to communicate information, experiences, and pass on cultural values/traditions  Some people speak dialects  Linguists organize the world’s languages into language families  Ex: English, Spanish, and Russian are a part of the Indo-European language family

ELEMENTS OF CULTURE  Religion  Religious beliefs vary around the world and this often leads to conflict  Religion is a source of identity and influences daily life  Moral values and religious festivals/holidays  Religious symbols and stories have shaped cultural expressions such as paintings, architecture, and music

ELEMENTS OF CULTURE  Social Groups  Family is usually the most important social group  Social classes also are a part of cultures  People are also grouped into ethnic groups  People who share a common language, history, place of origin, or a combination of these elements are considered an ethnic group  Government and Economy  Governments maintain order within a country and provides protection from outside dangers  Governments also supply other services to its people  They are organized by levels of power and type of authority  How cultures use their natural resources to meet human needs—as well as produce, obtain, use and sell goods and services—determines their type of economy

RECAP!  What is a culture?  What are some elements of culture?  What is an ethnic group?  Why do people organize themselves by these elements of culture?

CULTURAL CHANGE  Cultural diffusion is the process of spreading new knowledge from one culture to another  The Agricultural Revolution  Earliest humans were nomads moving from place to place  As Earth’s climate warmed about 10,000 years ago, nomads first settled in hilly areas and later in valleys and on fertile plains  Soon people could settle and farm in permanent villages  The shift from hunting and gathering food to producing food is known as the Agricultural Revolution  By 3500 BCE, early farming villages evolved in civilizations

CULTURAL CHANGE: CULTURAL HEARTHS  Cultural hearths are early centers of civilization whose ideas and practices spread to surrounding areas  The most influential cultural hearths developed in modern-day:  Egypt  Pakistan  Iraq  China  Mexico

CULTURAL CHANGE: CULTURAL CONTACTS  Interactions with other cultures promoted cultural change  Migration also fostered cultural diffusion  People migrate to avoid wars, persecution, and famines  Some migrations of people have been forced [what is an example of this?]  Positive factors can draw people from one place to another  Migrants bring their cultures with them

INDUSTRIAL AND INFORMATION REVOLUTIONS  In the 1700s and 1800s., industrialization led to social changes  People left farms for jobs in factories in cities which led to urbanization  New production methods helped produce more goods using less money  At the end of the 1900s, the world experiences the information revolution  Computers help us store large amounts of information and instantly send it all over the world

RECAP  What is a cultural hearth? What is cultural contact?  What are the five cultural hearths?  What revolutions took place to help aid in globalization?

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC: ON RELIGION