Pharmacology Review of Everything (Principles, Cardiovascular and Respiratory drugs have been updated) 27 October :51 PM

Abacavir Antiretroviral Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)

Abciximab Antiplatelet Anti-GPIIb/IIIa receptor antibody

Acarbose Oral hypoglycemic Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor Inhibitor of intestinal glucose absorption

Acebutolol Sympatholytic  1 adrenergic antagonist Class II antiarrhythmic Antihypertensive Antianginal Bronchoconstrictor

Acetaminophen Analgesic, Antipyretic

Acetazolamide Diuretic Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Acetylcholine Cholinomimetic Antigluacoma Muscle contraction (nicotinic receptor)

Activated charcoal Antidote

Acyclovir Antiherpes Purine analog Phosphorylated to inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase

Adalimumab TNF inhibitor Anti-TNF antibody Used in rheumatoid arthritis

Adenosine Antiarrhythmic Miscellaneous (does not fit class I-IV organization)

Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) Anterior pituitary hormone Anticonvulsant Stimulates synthesis and release of cortisol

Albendazole Antihelminthic Treatment of intestinal roundworms

Albuterol Sympathomimetic  2 adrenergic agonist Short acting bronchodilator Used in asthma

Aldosterone Adrenocorticosteroid Mineralocorticoid

Alemtuzumab Antineoplastic Anti-CD52 antibody

Alendronate Anti-osteoporesis Bisphosphonate Inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption

Alfentanil Opioid General anaesthetic Intravenous anaesthetic

Allopurinol Antigout Antineoplastic (supporting agent) Folic acid analogue Xanthine oxidase inhibitor

Alosetron IBS treatment 5HT 3 receptor antagonist

Alteplase Thrombolytic Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)

Aluminum hydroxide Antiulcer Antacid

Amantadine Antiviral Antiparkinson Treatment of Influenza A Inhibits replication at the stage of uncoating Inhibits dopamine release

Amikacin Aminoglycoside antibiotic Bactericidal protein synthesis inhibitor 30S ribosome Freezes initiation

Amiloride Potassium sparing diuretic Sodium channel inhibitor Antihypertensive

Aminocaproic acid (EACA) Procoagulant Inhibitor of plasminogen activation (decreases fibrinolysis)

Aminoglutethimide Antineoplastic Immunosuppressive Glucocorticoid antagonist Aromatase inhibitor (decreases steroid synthesis)

Aminoglycosides Antibiotics Bactericidal protein synthesis inhibitors 30S ribosome Freeze initiation

Aminophylline Bronchodilator Methylxanthine Phosphodiesterase inhibitor Used in asthma

Amiodarone Class I/III antiarrhythmic Na + and K + channel blocker (inactivated channels)

Amitriptyline Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)

Amlodipine Antihypertensive Calcium channel blocker

Amoxicillin Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Antiulcer Amino penicillin Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

Amphetamine Indirect sympathomimetic Drug of abuse ADD treatment Stimulant

Ampicillin Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Amino penicillin Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

Amphotericin B Antifungal Polyene antibiotic Binds to ergosterol and alters permeability Systemic

Amsacrine Antineoplastic Miscellaneous

Amyl nitrite Vasodilator Antianginal Aerosol

Anastrozole Antineoplastic Antiestrogen Aromatase inhibitor

Angiotensin II Autacoid Vasoconstrictor

Anistreplase Thrombolytic Streptokinase + plasminogen

Anthraquinones cascara segrada, danthron, senna Contact cathartics

Anti-thymocyte globulin Immunosuppressive Anti-T cell antibody

Aprepitant dimenhydrinate Antiemetic Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist

Aprotinin Procoagulant Fibrinolytic inhibitor Serine protease inhibitor (“serpin”) Streptokinase inhibitor

Arsenicals Tropical antiparasitic Treatment of African Trypanosomiasis in CNS Melarsoprol

L-asparaginase Antineoplastic Protein synthesis inhibitor

Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) NSAID (acetylsalicylate) Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory Antipyretic, Antiplatelet Irreversible cyclooxygenase inhibitor

Aspart insulin Hormone Insulin analogue Ultra short acting

Atenolol Sympatholytic  1 adrenergic antagonist Antihypertensive Antiarrhythmic Antianginal Bronchoconstrictor

Atorvastatin Antihyperlipidemic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

Atovaquone Antimalarial Depolarizes parasitic mitochondria and inhibits electron transport

Atracurium Paralytic Paralyzes skeletal muscles

Atropine Anticholinergic Antimuscarinic Treatment for bradycardia, diarrhea, cholinesterase poisoning

Auranofin Disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) Gold salt Oral

Aurothioglucose Disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) Gold salt Parenteral

Azathioprine Immunosuppressive Antineoplastic Antimetabolite (“pseudofeedback inhibition” of HGPRT and PRP)

Azithromycin Macrolide antibiotic Bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor 50S ribosome Inhibits translocation

Aztreonam New  lactam antibiotic Monobactam

Bacitracin Antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Topical, not a  lactam, Inhibits dephosphorylation of bactoprenol

Baclofen Skeletal muscle relaxant Anxiolytic GABA B agonist

Balsalazide NSAID (salicylate) Treatment of IBD

Basiliximab Immunosuppressive Anti-CD25 (interleukin 2 receptor) Organ transplant (antirejection)

Beclomethasone Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid Anti-inflammatory steroid Inhaled

Benazopril Antihypertensive Converting enzyme inhibitor

Benzathine penicillin G Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking Repository preparation

Benztropine Anticholinergic Antiparkinson Muscarinic receptor antagonist

Betamethasone Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid Anti-inflammatory steroid Not by inhalation

Betaxolol Sympatholytic  1 adrenergic antagonist Antihypertensive Glaucoma medication Bronchoconstrictor

Bethanecol Cholinomimetic Muscarinic agonist Induces defecation and urination Bronchoconstrictor

Bicalutamide Antiandrogen Androgen receptor antagonist

Biltolterol Sympathomimetic  2 adrenergic agonist Bronchodilator

Bisacodyl Contact cathartic

Bismuth subsalicylate Antiulcer Antidiarrheal

Bispropolol Sympatholytic  adrenergic antagonist Antihypertensive Bronchoconstrictor

Bivalirudin Anticoagulant Direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI)

Black cohosh Dietary supplement Relief of “hot flashes” and other menopausal symptoms

Bleomycin Antineoplastic Natural product Antibiotic

Botulinum toxin (Botox) Paralytic Paralyzes skeletal muscles

Bradykinin Inflammatory mediator Plasma, hypotension, pain

Bretylium Sympatholytic Class III antiarrhythmic K + channel blocker

Bromocriptine Antiparkinson Dopamine (D 2 ) agonist Inhibits prolactin release

Brupropion Second generation antidepressant

Budesonide Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid Anti-inflammatory steroid Inhaled OR treatment of IBD

Bumetanide Loop diuretic Na + -K + -2Cl - transporter inhibitor

Buprenorphine Opioid Partial agonist

Buspirone Sedative/hypnotic Anxiolytic

Busulfan Antineoplastic Alkylating agent

Butorphanol Opioid Analgesic  receptor partial agonist or antagonist

C3a, C5a Inflammatory mediators Anaphylatoxins Low molecular weight complement cleavage products

Calcium carbonate Antiulcer Antacid

Candesartan Antihypertensive Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)

Captopril Antihypertensive Converting enzyme inhibitor Heart failure treatment Angioedema producer

Carbamazepine Anticonvulsant

Carbenicillin Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Anti-pseudomonal penicillin Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

Carbidopa Antiparkinson Peripheral dopa decarboxylase inhibitor

Carboprost Oxytocic prostaglandin Uterine stimulant

Carmustine (BCNU) Antineoplastic Alkylating agent Nitrosourea

Carteolol Sympatholytic  adrenergic antagonist Antihypertensive Bronchoconstrictor

Carvedilol Sympatholytic  adrenergic antagonist Treatment for heart failure

Cascara sagrada Contact cathartic Anthraquinone derivative

Caspofungin Echinocandin antifungal Blocks synthesis of fungal  (1,3)-d-glucan in the cell wall

Castor Oil Contact cathartic

Cefaclor Cephalosporin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor 2 nd generation Oral

Cefadroxil Cephalosporin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor 1 st generation Oral

Cefepime Cephalosporin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor 4 th generation CSF penetration

Cefotaxime Cephalosporin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor 3 rd generation CSF penetration

Cefoxitin Cephalosporin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor 2 nd generation

Ceftazidime Cephalosporin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor 3 rd generation

Ceftriaxone Cephalosporin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor 3 rd generation CSF penetration

Cefuroxime Cephalosporin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor 2 nd generation CSF penetration

Celecoxib NSAID Anti-inflammatory Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitor

Cephalexin Cephalosporin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor 1 st generation Oral

Cephalosporins Antibiotics  lactam Cell wall synthesis inhibitors Inhibit cross-linking of peptidoglycan

Cephalothin Cephalosporin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor 1 st generation Oral

Cetirizine Antihistamine H 1 antagonist Non-sedating

Cetrorelix Gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist Synthetic GnRH analogue

Chloral hydrate Sedative/Hypnotic General anaesthetic Acts on GABA A receptor complex Similar to barbiturates

Chloramphenicol Antibiotic Bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor 50S ribosome Inhibits peptide bond formation

Chlordiazepoxide Sedative/hypnotic Anxiolytic Benodiazepine Acts on GABA A receptor complex

Chloroquine Antimalarial Intercalates in DNA Binds to ferriprotoporphyrin

Chlorpheniramine Classical antihistamine H 1 antagonist

Chlorpromazine Antipsychotic Phenothiazine

Chlorpropamide Oral hypoglycemic Sulfonylurea Insulinotropic

Chlorthalidone Thiazide-like diuretic Na-Cl symporter inhibitor Antihypertensive

Chlorothiazide Thiazide diuretic Na-Cl symporter inhibitor

Cholestyramine Antihyperlipidemic Bile acid binding resin (BABR)

Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Gonadotropin Ovulation inducing agent

Cidofovir Antiherpes Pyrimidine analog Phosphorylated to inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase

Cimetidine Antihistamine Antiulcer H 2 receptor antagonist

Ciprofloxacin Fluoroquinolone antibiotic DNA replication inhibitor Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase

Cisapride Prokinetic agent 5HT 4 agonist

Cisplatin Antineoplastic Miscellaneous Cross-linking agent

Clarithromycin Macrolide antibiotic Bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor Antiulcer 50S ribosome Inhibits translocation

Clavulanic acid  -lactamase inhibitor Combined with antibacterials

Clindamycin Antibiotic Bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor 50S ribosome Anaerobic infections

Clofibrate Antihyperlipidemic Lipoprotein lipase activator

Clomiphene Partial estrogen agonist Ovulation inducing agent

Clonidine Sympatholytic  2 adrenergic agonist Antihypertensive

Clotrimazole Imidazole antifungal Inhibits synthesis of ergosterol Lanosterol 14  demethylase inhibitor

Cloxacillin Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Penicillinase resistant penicillin Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

Clozapine Antipsychotic

Cobalamin (cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin) Vitamin Treatment for vitamin B12 deficiency

Cocaine Indirect sympathomimetic Drug of abuse Topical anaesthetic Stimulant Local anaesthetic

Codeine Opioid Analgesic Weak agonist

Colchicine Antigout only Anti-inflammatory Microtubule inhibitor

Colestipol Antihyperlipidemic Bile acid binding resin (BABR)

Conjugated estrogens Estrogen Used for HRT

Corticosterone Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid

Cortisol (Hydrocortisone) Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid Anti-inflammatory steroid

Corticotropin-releasing Hormone (CRH) Hypothalamic hormone Stimulates release of ACTH and  -endorphin from the anterior pituitary

Cromolyn sodium Mast cell stabilizer Inhibits release of mast cell mediators Used prophylactically in asthma

Cyclobenzaprine Skeletal muscle relaxant

Cyclophosphamide Antineoplastic Alkylating agent Nitrogen mustard

Cycloserine Antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Secondary TB drug Inhibits formation of Park nucleotide

Cyclosporine Immunosuppressive Antineoplastic Binds cyclophilin Inhibits calcineurin

Cyproterone acetate Antiandrogen Antineoplastic androgen receptor antagonist

Cytarabine (AraC) Antineoplastic Antimetabolite

Dacarbazine Antineoplastic Alkylating Agent

Daclizumab Immunosuppressive Anti-CD25 (interleukin 2 receptor) antibody Organ transplant (anti-rejection)

Dactinomycin Antineoplastic Natural product Antibiotic

Dalteparin Anticoagulant LMW Heparin ATIII activator

Danthron Contact cathartic Anthraquinone derivative

Dantrolene Skeletal muscle relaxant Ryanodine receptor antagonist Treatment for malignant hyperthermia

Dapsone Sulfone antibiotic Nucleic acid and protein synthesis inhibitor Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase Leprosy

Daunorubicin Antineoplastic Anthracycline antibiotic Natural product

Deferoxamine Antidote Chelating agent Removes iron

Delavirdine Antiretroviral Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)

Deprenyl/selegiline Antiparkinson Monoamine oxidase B inhibitor (MAO-I) Potentiates effects of L-Dopa

Desipramine Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)

Desmopressin acetate Synthetic analogue of arginine vasopressin Used in treatment of bleeding disorders

Desogesterel Progestin 19-nor testosterone analogue Combination oral contraceptive

Dexamethasone Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid Antineoplastic Antiemetic Anti-inflammatory steroid Not by inhalation

Dextromethorphan Opioid Antitussive

Diazepam Sedative/hypnotic Anxiolytic Anticonvulsant Benzodiazepine Acts on GABA A receptor complex

Diazoxide Vasodilator Antihypertensive

Didanosine Antiretroviral Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) Dideoxyinosine (ddI)

Diethylcarbamazine Antihelminthic Treatment of intestinal and tissue roundworms

Diethylstilbestrol Nonsteroidal estrogen

Diflunisal NSAID Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory Antipyretic Cyclooxygenase inhibitor

Digitalis Cardiac glycoside Antiarrhythmic Na + /K + ATPase inhibitor Positive inotrope Miscellaneous (does not fit class I-IV organization)

Digitoxin Cardiac glycoside Antiarrhythmic Na + /K + ATPase inhibitor Positive inotrope Miscellaneous (does not fit class I-IV organization)

Digoxin Cardiac glycoside Antiarrhythmic Na + /K + ATPase inhibitor Positive inotrope Miscellaneous (does not fit class I-IV organization)

DIG-specific antibody fragments Antidote Cardiac glycoside poisoning

Dihydrotestosterone Androgen Natural male gonadal steroid

Diltiazem Class IV antiarrhythmic Antihypertensive Ca 2+ channel blocker

Dimenhydrinate Antihistamine Antiemetic H 1 receptor antagonist

Diphenhydramine Classical antihistamine Antiemetic H 1 antagonist

Diphenoxylate docusate Antidiarrheal Opiate

Dipyridamole Antiplatelet Phosphodiesterase inhibitor (increases cAMP)

Disopyramide Class I antiarrhythmic Na + channel blocker (activated channels)

Disulfiram Alcoholism treatment Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor

Dobutamine Sympathomimetic  1 adrenergic agonist Inotrope

Docusates Lubricating laxatives Stool softeners

Dofetilide Class III antiarrhythmic K + channel blocker

Dopamine Sympathomimetic Inotrope Vasodilator

Doxazosin Sympatholytic  1 adrenergic antagonist Antihypertensive

Doxorubicin Antineoplastic Anthracycline antibiotic Natural product

Doxycycline Tetracycline antibiotic Bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor 30S ribosome Prevents aminoacyl tRNA attachment

Dronabinol Antiemetic Cannabinoid

Droperidol Antiemetic D 2 receptor antagonist

Drotrecogin alfa (Activated Protein C) Anticoagulant Many actions Treatment for septic shock

Dutasteride Antiandrogen Androgen synthesis inhibitor 5  -reductase inhibitor

Echinacea purpurea Dietary supplement Immune system stimulant

Ecothiophate Anticholinesterase Vasodilator Bronchoconstrictor Glaucoma treatment

Edrophonium Anticholinesterase Vasodilator Diagnostic for myaesthenia gravis Bronchoconstrictor

Efavirenz Antiretroviral Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)

Enalapril Antihypertensive Converting enzyme inhibitor Angioedema producer

Enflurane General anaesthetic Inhaled anaesthetic

Enfuvirtide (T-20) Antiretroviral Fusion inhibitor

Enoxaparin Anticoagulant LMW Heparin ATIII activator

Entacapone Antiparkinson Peripheral catechol-o- methyltransferase inhibitor

Ephedra (Ma Huang) Dietary supplement Amphetamine-like stimulant

Ephedrine Indirect sympathomimetic Vasoconstrictor Bronchodilator Decongestant

Epinephrine Sympathomimetic  and  adrenergic agonist Vasoconstrictor Bronchodilator

Eplerenone Aldosterone receptor antagonist

Eprosartan Antihypertensive Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)

Ergonovine Oxytocic ergot alkaloid Uterine stimulant

Erythromycin Macrolide antibiotic Bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor 50S ribosome Inhibits translocation

Erythropoietin (EPO) Cytokine Primary regulator of RBC synthesis

Esmolol Sympatholytic  1 adrenergic antagonist Class II Antiarrhythmic Antihypertensive Bronchoconstrictor

Estraderm Estrogen Transdermal formulation

Estradiol Estrogen Primary natural female gonadal steroid

Estriol Estrogen Natural female gonadal steroid

Estrone Estrogen Natural female gonadal steroid

Etanercept TNF inhibitor Tumor necrosis factor receptor + F c portion of IgG Used in rheumatoid arthritis

Ethacrynic acid Loop diuretic Na-K-2Cl symporter inhibitor

Ethambutol Antibiotic Major drug for tuberculosis

Ethanol Drug of abuse Sedative

Ethinyl estradiol Estrogen Synthetic female gonadal steroid Combination oral contraceptive

Ethionamide Antibiotic Secondary drug for tuberculosis

Ethynodiol diacetate Progestin 19-nor testosterone analog Combination oral contraceptive

Etidronate Anti-osteoporesis Bisphosphonate Inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption

Etoposide Antineoplastic Natural product Plant alkaloid

Ethosuximide Anticonvulsant

Etomidate General anaesthetic Intravenous anaesthetic

Exemestane Antineoplastic Antiestrogen Aromatase Inhibitor

Ezitimibe Antihyperlipidemic Cholesterol absorption inhibitor

Famciclovir Antiherpes Purine analog Phosphorylated to an inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase

Famotidine Antihistamine Antiulcer H 2 receptor antagonist

Felodipine Antihypertensive Calcium channel blocker

Fenofibrate Antihyperlipidemic Lipoprotein lipase activator

Fentanyl Opioid Analgesic  receptor agonist

Fexofenadine Antihistamine H 1 antagonist Non-sedating

Finasteride Antiandrogen Androgen synthesis inhibitor 5  -reductase inhibitor

Flecainide Class I antiarrhythmic Na + channel blocker

Fluconazole Triazole antifungal Inhibits synthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting lanosterol 14  demethylase

Flucytosine Antifungal Converted by fungi to 5-fluorouracil  faulty RNA and DNA synthesis

Fludrocortisone Adrenocorticosteroid Mineralocorticoid

Flumazenil Benzodiazepine antagonist Acts on GABA A receptor complex

Flunisolide Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid Anti-inflammatory steroid Inhaled

Fluorinated Quinolones ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin Antibiotics DNA replication inhibitors Inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase

5-Fluorouracil Antineoplastic Antimetabolite Thymidylate synthase inhibitor

Fluoxetine Antidepressant Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

Flurazepam Sedative/Hypnotic Benzodiazepine Acts on GABA A receptor complex

Flutamide Antiandrogen Antineoplastic Androgen receptor antagonist

Fluticasone Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid Anti-inflammatory steroid Inhaled

Fluvastatin Antihyperlipidemic HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor

Folic acid Vitamin Treatment for folic acid deficiency

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Anterior pituitary hormone Regulator of gonadal function

Formoterol Sympathomimetic  2 adrenergic agonist Long acting bronchodilator

Foscarnet Antiherpes Pyrophosphate analog Directly inhibits viral DNA polymerase

Fosinopril Antihypertensive Converting enzyme inhibitor

Fulvestrant Antineoplastic Antiestrogen Estrogen receptor antagonist

Furosemide Loop diuretic Na-K-2Cl symporter inhibitor Antihypertensive

Ganciclovir Antiherpes Purine analog Phosphorylated to an inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase

Ganirelix Gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist Synthetic GnRH analogue

Gemfibrozil Antihyperlipidemic Lipoprotein lipase activator

Gemtuzumab Antineoplastic Anti-CD33 antibody

Gentamicin Aminoglycoside antibiotic Bactericidal protein synthesis inhibitor 30S ribosome Freezes initiation

Ginko biloba Dietary supplement Treatment of Alzheimer symptoms

Ginseng Dietary supplement Improvement in energy and vitality

Glargine insulin Hormone Insulin analogue Long acting

Glimepiride Oral hypoglycemic Sulfonylurea Insulinotropic

Glipizide Oral hypoglycemic Sulfonylurea Insulinotropic

Glucagon Pancreatic hormone Stimulates glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis

Glutethimide Sedative/Hypnotic

Glyburide Oral hypoglycemic Sulfonylurea Insulinotropic

Gold salts Disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD) auranofin, aurothioglucose

Gonadorelin Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) Synthetic form of natural GnRH Insulinotropic

Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH) Hypothalamic hormone Stimulates release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary

Goserelin Antineoplastic Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist

Granisetron Antiemetic 5HT 3 receptor antagonist

Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) Cytokine Granulocyte synthesis stimulator

Granulocyte/Monocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) Cytokine WBC (granulocytes and monocyte) synthesis stimulator

Griseofulvin Antifungal Binds to microtubules

Growth Hormone-releasing Hormone (GHRH) Hypothalamic hormone Stimulates release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary

Growth Hormone Somatotropin (GH) Anterior pituitary hormone Stimulates insulin-like growth factor I release (  growth at open epiphyses), lipolysis and skeletal muscle growth

Guanabenz Sympatholytic Antihypertensive

Guanadrel Sympatholytic Antihypertensive

Guanethidine Sympatholytic Antihypertensive

Guanfacine Sympatholytic  2 adrenergic agonist Antihypertensive

Haloperidol Antipsychotic

Halothane General anaesthetic Inhaled anaesthetic

Heparin Anticoagulant ATIII activator

Heroin Drug of abuse Opioid

Hirudin Anticoagulant Direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI)

Histamine Inflammatory mediator Stored in mast cells and basophils

Histrelin Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist Synthetic GnRH analogue

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) Placental hormone Stimulates ovarian progesterone production Maintains placenta

Hydralazine Vasodilator Antihypertensive

Hydrochlorothiazide Thiazide diuretic Na-Cl symporter inhibitor Antihypertensive

Hydrocortisone Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid Anti-inflammatory steroid

Hydroxychloroquine Disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD)

4-Hydroxycoumarin Oral anticoagulant Vitamin K synthesis inhibitor

Hydroxyurea Antineoplastic Miscellaneous Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor

Hydroxyzine Classical antihistamine H 1 antagonist

Ibritumomab Antineoplastic Anti-CD20 antibody

Ibuprofen NSAID Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory Antipyretic Reversible cyclooxygenase inhibitor

Ibutilide Class III antiarrhythmic K + channel blocker

Imatinib Antineoplastic Miscellaneous Tyrosine kinase inhibitor

Imipenem/Cilastatin New  lactam antibiotic Cilastatin inhibits a kidney dipeptidase that inactivates imipenem

Imipramine Indirect sympathomimetic Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) Antimicturant

Indapamide Thiazide-like diuretic Na-Cl symporter inhibitor Antihypertensive

Indinavir Antiretroviral Protease inhibitor (PI)

Indomethacin NSAID Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic Cyclooxygenase inhibitor Tocolytic Uterine relaxant

Infliximab TNF inhibitor Anti-TNF monoclonal antibody Treatment of IBD

Insulin Hormone Insulin analogue Short acting

Interferon alpha Antiviral for hepatitis Antineoplastic Cytokine Anti-angiogenesis

Interleukin 2 Cytokine Antineoplastic

Interleukin 11 Cytokine Antineoplastic (supporting agent)

Iodide Antithyroid Prevents synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (blocks iodine organification) Decreases hyperplasia

Iodoquinol Antiparasitic Treatment of protozoal infections

Ipecac Emetic

Ipratropium Anticholinergic Antimuscarinic Inhaled bronchodilator

Irbesartan Antihypertensive Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)

Iressa Antineoplastic Miscellaneous Tyrosine kinase inhibitor

Irinotecan Antineoplastic Natural product

Iron (ferrous sulfate, iron dextran) Essential nutrient Required for hemoglobin and myoglobin synthesis

Isoetharine Sympathomimetic  adrenergic agonist Bronchodilator

Isoflurane General anaesthetic Inhaled anaesthetic

Isoniazid Antibiotic Inhibits biosynthesis of mycolic acids Major drug for tuberculosis

Isoproterenol Sympathomimetic  adrenergic agonist Vasodilator Bronchodilator

Isosorbide dinitrate Venodilator Used to treat CHF

Isradipine Antihypertensive Calcium channel blocker

Itraconazole Triazole antifungal Inhibits synthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting lanosterol 14  demethylase

Ivermectin Antihelminthic Treatment of intestinal and tissue roundworms

Kallidin Inflammatory mediator Plasma, hypotension, pain

Kaolin Antidiarrheal

Kava kava Dietary supplement Stress relief and treatment of insomnia

Ketamine General anaesthetic Drug of abuse Sedative

Ketoconazole Imidazole antifungal Inhibits synthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting lanosterol 14  demethylase

Ketoprofen NSAID Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic Cyclooxygenase inhibitor

Labetalol Sympatholytic  and  adrenergic antagonist Antihypertensive

Lactulose Saline (osmotic) cathartic

Lamivudine Antiretroviral Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)

Lansoprazole Antiulcer H + /K + ATPase inhibitor

Lente insulin Hormone Insulin analogue Intermediate acting

Lepirudin Anticoagulant Direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI)

Letrozole Antineoplastic Antiestrogen Aromatase Inhibitor

Leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4 ) Inflammatory mediator Lipoxygenase product of arachidonate metabolism Chemotactic

Leukotrienes C 4, D 4, E 4 (LTC 4, LTD 4, LTE 4 ) Inflammatory mediators Cysteinyl leukotrienes Peptidyl leukotrienes SRS-A Lipoxygenase products of arachidonate metabolism

Leucovorin Antineoplastic (supporting agent) Folic acid analogue (used in methotrexate rescue)

Leuprolide Antineoplastic Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist

Levobunolol Sympatholytic  adrenergic antagonist Antihypertensive Bronchoconstrictor

Levodopa Antiparkinson Dopamine precursor Inhibits growth hormone release

Levonorgestrel Progestin 19-nor testosterone analogue Combination oral contraceptive

Levothyroxine (T 4 ) Thyroid hormone

Lidocaine Class I antiarrhythmic Local anaesthetic Na + channel blocker (activated and inactivated channels)

Linezolid Oxazolidinone antibiotic Protein synthesis inhibitor 50S ribosomal subunit

Liothyronine (T 3 ) Thyroid hormone

Lisinopril Antihypertensive Converting enzyme inhibitor Heart failure treatment Angioedema producer

Lispro insulin Hormone Insulin analogue Ultra short acting

Lithium Antidepressant Used to treat manic/depressive disorder

Lomustine (CCNU) Antineoplastic Alkylating agent Nitrosourea

Loperamide Antidiarrheal Opiate

Loratidine Antihistamine H 1 antagonist Non-sedating

Lorazepam Anxiolytic Anticonvulsant Benzodiazepine Acts on GABA A receptor complex

Losartan Antihypertensive Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)

Lovastatin Antihyperlipidemic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

Lutenizing Hormone (LH) Anterior pituitary hormone Regulator of gonadal function

Lypressin Antidiuretic hormone analogue

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) Drug of abuse Hallucinogen

Macrolides erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin Antibiotics Bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitors 50S ribosome

Magnesium hydroxide Antiulcer Saline (osmotic) cathartic Antacid

Magnesium sulfate Calcium antagonist Tocolytic Uterine relaxant

Malathion Anticholinesterase Vasodilator Bronchoconstrictor

Mannitol Osmotic diuretic

Marijuana Drug of abuse Cannabinoid

Mebendazole Antihelminthic Treatment of intestinal roundworms

Meclizine Antihistamine Antiemetic H 1 receptor antagonist

Meclofenamate NSAID Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic Cyclooxygenase inhibitor

Mechlorethamine Antineoplastic Alkylating agent Nitrogen mustard

Medroxyprogesterone Progestin Synthetic progesterone analogue Contraceptive

Mefloquine Antimalarial Treatment and prophylaxis for chloroquine resistant Plasmodium

Meglumine antimonate Tropical antiparasitic Organic antimonial Treatment of Leishmaniasis

Melarsoprol Tropical antiparasitic Treatment of African Trypanosomiasis in CNS

Melphalan Antineoplastic Alkylating agent Nitrogen mustard

Menotropin Hormone Gonadotropin Ovulation inducing agent

Meperidine Opioid analgesic  receptor agonist

Mepivacaine Local anaesthetic

Meprobamate Sedative/hypnotic Anxiolytic

6-Mercaptopurine Antineoplastic Antimetabolite (“pseudofeedback inhibition” of HGPRT and PRP – purine synthesis)

Mesalamine (5-ASA) NSAID (salicylate) Treatment of IBD

Mesna Antineoplastic (supporting agent) Prevent hemorrhagic cystitis due to cyclophosphamide

Mestranol Estrogen Synthetic female gonadal steroid Combination oral contraceptive

Metamphetamine Drug of abuse Stimulant

Metaproterenol Sympathomimetic  2 adrenergic agonist Bronchodilator Used in asthma

Metformin Oral hypoglycemic Biguanide Hepatic gluconeogenesis inhibitor

Methacholine Cholinomimetic Bronchoconstrictor

Methadone Opioid  receptor agonist

Methenamine Urinary tract antiseptic Decomposes to formaldehyde in acidic environment

Methicillin Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Pencillinase resistant penicillin Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

Methimazol Antithyroid Prevents synthesis of thyroid hormones (blocks iodine organification)

Methotrexate Immunosuppressive Antineoplastic Folic acid antagonist Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor

Methoxamine Sympathomimetic  1 adrenergic agonist Vasoconstrictor

Methylcellulose Bulk laxative

Methydopa Sympatholytic  2 adrenergic agonist Antihypertensive

Methylphenidate Indirect sympathomimetic Drug of abuse ADD treatment Stimulant

Methylprednisolone Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid Anti-inflammatory steroid Not by inhalation

Methyltestosterone Androgen Synthetic oral

Metipranolol Sympatholytic  adrenergic antagonist Bronchoconstrictor

Metoclopramide Prokinetic agent Antiemetic D 2 antagonist

Metocurine Paralytic Paralyzes skeletal muscles

Metolazone Thiazide-like diuretic Na-Cl symporter inhibitor Antihypertensive

Metoprolol Sympatholytic  1 adrenergic antagonist Antihypertensive Heart failure medication Bronchoconstrictor

Metronidazole Antibiotic Antiparasitic Antiulcer Anaerobes Reduction leads to intermediates that damage DNA

Metyrapone Glucocorticoid antagonist

Mexilitine Class I antiarrhythmic Na + channel blocker (activated and inactivated channels)

Miconazole Imidazole antifungal Inhibits synthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting lanosterol 14  demethylase

Midazolam Sedative hypnotic Short-acting benzodiazopine

Mifepristone (RU-486) Progesterone antagonist

Miglitol Oral hypoglycemic Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor Inhibits intestinal glucose absorption

Mineral oil Lubricating laxative Stool softener

Minocycline Tetracycline antibiotic Bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor 30S ribosome Prevents aminoacyl tRNA attachment

Minoxidil Vasodilator Antihypertensive

Misoprostol Prostaglandin Antiulcer

Mitomycin C Antineoplastic Natural product Antibiotic

Mivacurium Paralytic Paralyzes skeletal muscles

Moezipril Antihypertensive Converting enzyme inhibitor

Montelukast Leukotriene inhibitor LTR1 and LTD4 antagonist Asthma treatment

Moricizine Class I antiarrhythmic Na + channel blocker

Morphine Opioid Analgesic  receptor agonist

Muromonab-CD3 Immunosuppressive Mouse monoclonal anti-CD3 antibody Organ transplant (anti-rejection)

Mycophenolate Immunosuppressive Inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase activity

Nadolol Sympatholytic  adrenergic antagonist Antihypertensive

Nafarelin Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist

Nafcillin Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Penicillinase resistant penicillin Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

Nalbuphine Opioid antagonist  receptor antagonist

Nalidixic acid Urinary tract antiseptic Quinolone Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase

Nalmefene Opioid antagonist

Nalorphine Opioid antagonist

Naloxone Opioid antagonist

Naproxen NSAID Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic Cyclooxygenase inhibitor

Nateglinide Oral hypoglycemic Meglitinide Insulinotropic

Naltrexone Opioid antagonist

Nedocromil Mast cell stabilizer Inhibits release of mast cell mediators Used prophylactically in asthma

Neomycin Aminoglycoside antibiotic Bactericidal protein synthesis inhibitor 30S ribosome Freezes initiation Topical

Neostigmine Anticholinesterase Vasodilator Treatment for myaesthenia gravis Promotes defecation and urination Bronchoconstrictor

Netilmicin Aminoglycoside antibiotic Bactericidal protein synthesis inhibitor 30S ribosome Freezes initiation

Nevirapine Antiretroviral Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)

Nicardipine Antihypertensive Calcium channel blocker

Nicotine Cholinomimetic Drug of abuse Nicotinic receptor agonist (skeletal muscle contraction) Stimulant Smoking cessation medication

Nicotinic acid Antihyperlipidemic Inhibition of VLDL secretion (?)

Nifedipine Antihypertensive Antianginal Calcium channel blocker

Nifurtimox Tropical antiparasitic Treatment of South American Trypanosomiasis; Chagas disease

Nisoldipine Antihypertensive Calcium channel blocker

Nitrendipine Antihypertensive Calcium channel blocker

Nitrofurantoin Urinary tract antiseptic Reduction leads to intermediates that damage DNA

Nitroglycerine Venodilator Antianginal

Nitroprusside Vasodilator Antihypertensive

Nitrous oxide General anaesthetic Inhaled anaesthetic

Nizatidine Antihistamine Antiulcer H 2 receptor antagonist

Norepinephrine Sympathomimetic Vasoconstrictor

Norethindrone Progestin 19-nor testosterone analogue Combination oral contraceptive

Norethynodrel Progestin 19-nor testosterone analogue Combination oral contraceptive

Norfloxacin Fluoroquinolone antibiotic DNA replication inhibitor Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase

Norgestimate Progestin 19-nor testosterone analogue Combination oral contraceptive

Norgestrel Progestin 19-nor testosterone analogue Combination oral contraceptive

Nortriptyline Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)

NPH insulin Hormone Insulin analogue Intermediate acting

Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic Cyclooxygenase inhibitors

Nystatin Antifungal Polyene antibiotic Binds to ergosterol & alters permeability Topical

Octreotide Somatostatin analogue Peptide hormone inhibitor Decreases growth hormone secretion Decreases gastric and pancreatic secretions

Olsalazine NSAID (salicylate) Treatment of IBD

Omeprazole/esomeprazole Antiulcer H + /K + ATPase inhibitor

Ondansetron Antiemetic 5HT 3 receptor antagonist

Organic antimonials Tropical antiparasitic Treatment of Leishmaniasis sodium stibogluconate meglumine antimonate

Oseltamivir Antiviral Inhibits neuraminidase and decreases viral release Treatment of Influenza A & B

Oxacillin Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Pencillinase resistant penicillin Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

Oxazepam Sedative/hypnotic Anxiolytic Benzodiazepine Acts on GABA A receptor complex

Oxybutinin Anticholinergic Muscarinic receptor antagonist Prevents urination

Oxycodone Analgesic Opioid agonist

Oxytetracycline Tetracycline antibiotic Bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor 30S ribosome Prevents aminoacyl tRNA attachment

Oxytocin Hypothalamic (posterior pituitary) hormone Uterine stimulant

Paclitaxel Antineoplastic Natural product Plant alkaloid (taxane)

Palivizumab Antiviral Monoclonal antibody against the surface of respiratory syncytial virus

Pamidronate Anti-osteoporesis Bisphosphonate Inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption

Pancuronium Paralytic Paralyzes skeletal muscles

Pantoprazole Antiulcer H + /K + ATPase inhibitor

Para-aminosalicylic acid Antibiotic Nucleic acid and protein synthesis inhibitor Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase Secondary TB drug

Paraldehyde Sedative/Hypnotic

Parathyroid hormone Hormone Maintains plasma Ca 2+ concentrations

Paromomycin Antiparasitic Aminoglycoside antibiotic Treatment of protozoal infections

Pectin Antidiarrheal

Penbutolol Sympatholytic  adrenergic antagonist Antihypertensive Bronchoconstrictor

Penciclovir Antiherpes Purine analog Phosphorylated to inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase

Penicillins  lactam antibiotics Cell wall synthesis inhibitors Inhibit cross-linking of peptidoglycan

Penicillin G Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Acid labile Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

Penicillin V Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor More acid resistant than Penicillin G Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

Pentamidine Tropical antiparasitic Treatment of African Trypanosomiasis

Pentazocine Opioid analgesic  receptor partial agonist or antagonist

Pentobarbital Sedative/Hypnotic Barbiturate

Pentostatin Antineoplastic Miscellaneous Enzyme inhibitor (blocks purine synthesis)

Perindopril Antihypertensive Converting enzyme inhibitor

Phencyclidine (PCP) Drug of abuse Hallucinogen

Phenobarbital Sedative/Hypnotic Anticonvulsant Barbiturate

Phenoxybenzamine Sympatholytic  adrenergic antagonist Antihypertensive

Phentolamine Sympatholytic  adrenergic antagonist Antihypertensive

Phenylephrine Sympathomimetic  1 adrenergic agonist Vasoconstrictor Nasal decongestant

Phenylpropanolamine Indirect sympathomimetic Nasal decongestant Removed from market* (may be in medicine cabinets!)

Phenytoin Anticonvulsant Class I antiarrhythmic Na + channel blocker (inactivated channels)

Physostigmine Anticholinesterase Bradycardic Vasodilator Bronchoconstrictor

Phytonadione Vitamin K Warfarin antagonist

Pilocarpine Cholinomimetic Muscarinic agonist Antiglaucoma Bronchoconstrictor

Pindolol Sympatholytic  adrenergic antagonist Antihypertensive Bronchoconstrictor

Pioglitazone Oral hypoglycemic Thiazolidinedione Insulin sensitizer

Pipecuronium Paralytic Paralyze skeletal muscles

Piperacillin Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Anti-pseudomonal penicillin Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

Pirbuterol Sympathomimetic  2 adrenergic agonist Bronchodilator

Piroxicam NSAID Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic Cyclooxygenase inhibitor

Platelet Activating Factor (PAF) Inflammatory mediator Lipid Hypotensive

Polyethylene glycol - electolyte solution Antidote Cathartic

Polymyxin B Antibiotic Disrupts gram negative cell membrane Binds phosphatidylethanolamine Bactericidal

Pralidoxime Antidote Cholinesterase reactivator

Pramipexole Antiparkinson Dopamine agonist (non-ergot)

Pravastatin Antihyperlipidemic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

Prazosin Sympatholytic  1 adrenergic antagonist Antihypertensive

Praziquantel Antihelminthic Treatment of trematode (fluke) and cestode (tapeworm) infections

Prednisone Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid Antineoplastic Anti-inflammatory Not by inhalation

Primaquine Antimalarial Eliminates hepatic forms of plasmodium

Primidone Anticonvulsant

Probenecid Uricosuric Adjunct in penicillin therapy

Probucol Antihyperlipidemic LDL oxidation inhibitor

Procainamide Class I antiarrhythmic Na + channel blocker (activated channels)

Procaine Local anaesthetic

Procaine Penicillin G Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Repository preparation Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

Procarbazine Antineoplastic Miscellaneous Probably acts as alkylating agent

Prochlorperazine Antiemetic D 2 receptor antagonist Phenothiazine

Progesterone Progestin Natural female progestin

Proguanil Antimalarial Inhibits plasmodial dihydrofolate reductase

Prolactin Anterior pituitary hormone Regulator of lactation

Promethazine Classical antihistamine Antipsychotic Antiemetic H 1 antagonist

Propafenone Class I antiarrhythmic Na + channel blocker Weak  -blocker

Propofol General anaesthetic Intravenous anaesthetic

Propranolol Sympatholytic  adrenergic antagonist Class II antiarrhythmic Antihypertensive Bronchoconstrictor

Propylthiouracil Antithyroid Prevents synthesis of thyroid hormones (blocks iodine organification)

Prostaglandin D 2 (PGD 2 ) Bronchoconstrictor Cyclooxygenase product of arachidonate metabolism

Prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) Dinoprostone (Dinoprost) Oxytocic prostaglandin Inflammatory mediator Cyclooxygenase product of arachidonate metabolism Uterine stimulant Cervical ripener

Prostaglandin F 2 (PGF 2 ) Inflammatory mediator Cyclooxygenase product of arachidonate metabolism

Prostaglandin I 2 (PGI 2 ) Inflammatory mediator Inhibits platelet aggregation Cyclooxygenase product of arachidonate metabolism Prostacyclin

Protamine Sulfate Heparin antagonist

Pseudoephedrine Sympathomimetic  and  adrenergic agonist Vasoconstrictor Nasal decongestant

Psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid Bulk laxative

Pyrantel Pamoate Antihelminthic Treatment of intestinal roundworms

Pyrazinamide Antibiotic Major drug for tuberculosis

Pyridostigmine Anticholinesterase Vasodilator Treatment for myaesthenia gravis Bronchoconstrictor

Pyrimethamine Antimalarial Protein and nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor Plasmodial dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor

Quinapril Antihypertensive Converting enzyme inhibitor

Quinethazone Thiazide-like diuretic Na-Cl symporter inhibitor

Quinidine Antimalarial Protein and nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor Class I antiarrhythmic Intercalates in DNA Binds to ferriprotoporphyrin Na + channel blocker

Quinine Antimalarial Intercalates in DNA Binds to ferriprotoporphyrin

Quinopristin/Dalfopristin Streptogramin antibiotic Protein synthesis inhibitor 50S ribosomal subunit

Rabeprazole Antiulcer H + /K + ATPase inhibitor

Radioactive Iodide ( 131 I) Antithyroid Destruction of thyroid parenchyma

Raloxifene Antiestrogen Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)

Ramipril Antihypertensive Converting enzyme inhibitor

Ranitidine Antihistamine Antiulcer H 2 receptor antagonist

Rebamipide Antiulcer

Repaglinide Oral hypoglycemic Meglitinide Insulinotropic

Reserpine Sympatholytic Antihypertensive

Resperidone Antipsychotic

Reteplase Thrombolytic Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)

Ribavirin Antiviral Primarily used as aerosol for respiratory syncytial virus

Rifampin Antibiotic Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor Inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase Major drug for TB

Rimantadine Antiviral Inhibits replication at the stage of uncoating Treatment of Influenza A

Ritodrine Sympathomimetic  2 adrenergic agonist Tocolytic Uterine relaxant

Ritonavir Antiretroviral Protease inhibitor (PI)

Rituxumab Antineoplastic Anti-CD20 antibody

Rocuronium Paralytic Paralyzes skeletal muscles

Rofecoxib NSAID Anti-inflammatory Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitor

Ropinirole Antiparkinson Dopamine agonist (non-ergot)

Rosiglitazone Oral hypoglycemic Thiazolidinedione Insulin sensitizer

Salmeterol Sympathomimetic  2 adrenergic agonist Long acting bronchodilator

Saquinavir Antiretroviral Protease inhibitor (PI)

Saw palmetto Dietary supplement Treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Senna Contact cathartic Anthraquinone derivative

Scopolamine Anticholinergic Antiemetic Muscarinic receptor antagonist

Sertraline Antidepressant Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

Sildenafil Vasodilator Promotes erection

Silver sulfadiazine Sulfonamide antibiotic Microbial nucleic acid and protein synthesis inhibitor Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase Topical

Simethicone Anti-flatulent

Simvastatin Antihyperlipidemic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

Sirolimus Immunosuppressive Binds FKBP, inhibits mTOR (mammalian kinase target of rapamycin) & cell cycle progression Rapamycin

Sodium bicarbonate Antiulcer Antidote Antacid Alkalinization of urine to treat drug toxicity (esp. barbiturates, salicylates, methanol)

Sodium phosphate Saline (osmotic) cathartic

Sodium stibogluconate Tropical antiparasitic Organic antimonial Treatment of Leishmaniasis

Somatostatin Somatotropin Release-inhibiting Hormone (SRIH) Hypothalamic hormone Inhibits release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary

Somatrem Growth hormone analogue Stimulates insulin-like growth factor I release (  growth at open epiphyses), lipolysis and skeletal muscle growth

Somatropin Growth hormone analogue Stimulates insulin-like growth factor I release (  growth at open epiphyses), lipolysis and skeletal muscle growth

Sotolol Class II antiarrythmic Sympatholytic  adrenergic antagonist

Spectinomycin Antibiotic Bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor 30S ribosome

Spironolactone Potassium sparing diuretic Antiandrogen Aldosterone receptor antagonist Androgen receptor antagonist Testosterone synthesis inhibitor Antihypertensive Heart failure treatment

St. John’s Wort Dietary supplement Antidepressant

Streptokinase Thrombolytic

Streptomycin Aminoglycoside antibiotic Bactericidal protein synthesis inhibitor 30S ribosome Freezes initiation

Succinylcholine Paralytic Depolarizing blocker Paralyzes skeletal muscles Bronchoconstrictor

Sucralfate Antiulcer

Sufentanil Opioid General anaesthetic Intravenous anaesthetic

Sulfacetamide Sulfonamide antibiotic Microbial nucleic acid and protein synthesis inhibitor Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase Topical

Sulfadoxine Sulfonamide antibiotic Microbial nucleic acid and protein synthesis inhibitor Dihydropteroate synthetase inhibitor

Sulfamethoxazole Sulfonamide antibiotic Microbial nucleic acid and protein synthesis inhibitor Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase

Sulfasalazine Disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) Metabolized to sulfonamide + salicylate (NSAID) Treatment of IBD

Sulfinpyrazone Uricosuric Anti-gout

Sulfisoxazole Sulfonamide antibiotic Nucleic acid and protein synthesis inhibitor Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase

Sulfonamides Antibiotics Nucleic acid and protein synthesis inhibitors Inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase

Sulindac NSAID Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic Cyclooxygenase inhibitor

Suramin Tropical antiparasitic Treatment of African Trypanosomiasis

Tacrolimus Immunosuppressive Antineoplastic Binds FKBP (FK506 binding protein) Inhibits calcineurin

Tamoxifen Antineoplastic Antiestrogen Estrogen receptor anatagonist

Tegaserod IBS treatment 5HT 4 receptor agonist

Telmisartan Antihypertensive Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)

Temazepam Sedative/Hypnotic Benzodiazepine Acts on GABA A receptor complex

Tenecteplase Thrombolytic Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)

Terazosin Sympatholytic  1 adrenergic antagonist Antihypertensive Treatment for benign prostatic hypertrophy

Terbinafine Allylamine antifungal Inhibits ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting squalene epoxidase

Terbutaline Sympathomimetic  2 adrenergic agonist Short acting bronchodilator Tocolytic Uterine relaxant

Testosterone Androgen Natural male gonadal steroid

Testosterone cypionate Androgen Synthetic depot

Testosterone enanthate Androgen Synthetic depot

Testosterone propionate Androgen Synthetic depot

Tetracaine Local anaesthetic

Tetracycline Antibiotic Bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor Antiulcer 30S ribosome Prevents aminoacyl tRNA attachment

Thalidomide Antineoplastic Leprosy treatment Anti-angiogenic Anti-TNF 

Theophylline Bronchodilator Methylxanthine Phosphodiesterase inhibitor Used in asthma

Thiabendazole Antihelminthic Treatment of intestinal roundworms

6-Thioguanine Antineoplastic Antimetabolite (“pseudofeedback inhibition” of HGPRT and PRP – purine synthesis)

Thiopental General Anaesthetic Ultra-short-acting barbiturate

Thioridazine Antipsychotic Phenothiazine

Thiotepa Antineoplastic Alkylating agent

Thiothixene Antipsychotic

Thrombopoietin Cytokine Platelet synthesis stimulator

Thromboxane A 2 (TXA 2 ) Autacoid Promotes platelet aggregation Cyclooxygenase product of arachidonate metabolism

Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone (TRH) Hypothalamic hormone Stimulates release of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary

Thyrotropin Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH) Anterior pituitary hormone Stimulates production of thyroxine (T 4 ), triiodothyronine (T 3 ) and thyroglobulin

Ticarcillin Penicillin antibiotic Cell wall synthesis inhibitor Anti-pseudomonal penicillin Inhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

Ticlopidine Antiplatelet ADP receptor antagonist

Timolol Sympatholytic  adrenergic antagonist Antihypertensive Glaucoma treatment Anti-anginal Bronchoconstrictor

Tissue plasminogen activators Thrombolytics alteplase, reteplase, tenecteplase

Tobramycin Aminoglycoside antibiotic Bactericidal protein synthesis inhibitor 30S ribosome Freezes initiation

Tocainide Class I antiarrhythmic Na + channel blocker (activated channels)

Tolbutamide Oral hypoglycemic Sulfonylurea Insulinotropic

Tolterodine Anticholinergic Muscarinic receptor antagonist Prevents urination

Toremifene Estrogen antagonist Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)

Tosemide Loop diuretic Na-K-2Cl symporter inhibitor

Trandopril Antihypertensive Converting enzyme inhibitor

Tranylcypromine Antidepressant Monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAO-I)

Trastuzumab Antineoplastic Anti-HER2 antibody

Triamcinolone Adrenocorticosteroid Glucocorticoid Anti-inflammatory steroid Inhaled

Triamterene Potassium sparing diuretic Sodium channel inhibitor Antihypertensive

Triazolam Sedative/Hypnotic Benzodiazepine Acts on GABA A receptor complex

Trifluoperazine Antipsychotic Phenothiazine

Trifluridine Antiherpes Pyrimidine analog Phosphorylated to inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase

Trihexyphenidyl Antiparkinson Antimuscarinic

Trimethaphan Sympatholytic Anticholinergic Nicotinic antagonist Antihypertensive

Trimethoprim Antibiotic Protein and nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor Inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase

Tripelennamine Classical antihistamine H 1 antagonist

Tubocurarine Paralytic Paralyzes skeletal muscles

Tumor necrosis factor  Cytokine Antineoplastic

Tyramine Indirect sympathomimetic Vasoconstrictor Vasopressor

Ultralente insulin Hormone Insulin analogue Long acting

Urokinase Thrombolytic

Valacyclovir Antiherpes Purine analog Phosphorylated to inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase

Valsartan Antihypertensive Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)

Valganciclovir Antiherpes Purine analog Phosphorylated to inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase

Valproic acid Anticonvulsant

Valsartan Antihypertensive Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)

Vancomycin Antibiotic Inhibits cell wall synthesis Not a  lactam

Arginine vasopressin (Antidiuretic hormone; ADH) Hypothalamic (posterior pituitary) hormone Antidiuretic Vasoconstrictor

Vecuronium Paralytic Paralyze skeletal muscles

Verapamil Class IV antiarrhythmic Antihypertensive L-type Ca 2+ channel blocker Antianginal

Vigabatrin Anticonvulsant Irreversible GABA aminotransferase inhibitor

Vinblastine Antineoplastic Vinca alkaloid Natural product

Vincristine Antineoplastic Vinca alkaloid Natural product

Voriconazole Triazole antifungal Inhibits synthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting lanosterol 14  demethylase

Warfarin Anticoagulant Vitamin K synthesis inhibitor

Zafirlukast Leukotriene inhibitor LTR 1 and LTD 4 antagonist Asthma treatment

Zalcitabine Antiretroviral Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) Dideoxycytidine (ddC)

Zanamivir Antiviral Inhibits neuraminidase and decreases viral release Treatment of Influenza A & B

Zidovudine Antiretroviral Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) Azidothymidine (AZT)

Zileuton Leukotriene inhibitor 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor Used in asthma

Zolpidem Sedative/Hypnotic Non-benzodiazepine