APA STYLE

What is an APA style? A format for citing sources and typing research papers in the social sciences developed by the American Psychological Association (APA).

Cover page The page header The running head The title (summarize the main idea of the paper) The identification information

Page header First two or three words of your title or two very important words in your title, Upper right hand corner of every page Five spaces between the header and page number)

The running head Abbreviated title Does not exceed 50 characters Just below the header, flush left All uppercase letters

The title Summarize the main idea of the paper Very simple, fully explanatory Upper and lowercase letters Centered Double spaced if it is more than two lines words

The identification information The title, your name and institutional affiliation Your name should be: Upper and lower case letters Centered and double-spaced one line below the title

Abstract The page header The title (Type Abstract centered one double space line above abstract's body). The body (brief summary one paragraph not exceeding 960 characters)

The text The page header The title The body (double spaced in paragraph form) The headings and subheadings 8.5x11 inches, margins of 1 inch on all sides 12 Times New Roman 5 and 7 spaces indented paragraph

The headings and subheadings Level 1 Centered upper and lowercase heading Level 2 Centered, italicized, upper and lowercase heading Level 3 Flush left, italicized, uppercase and lowercase heading

The headings and subheadings Level 4 Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period Level 5 Centered uppercase heading If two levels, use 1 and 3 If three levels, use 1, 3 and 4.

Abbreviations Spell out the first time when abbreviating terms Multiple Intelligence (MI) cf.compare, etc.and so forth e.g.,for example i.e.,that is et al.and others vs.versus, against

Abbreviations Do not use periods with the followings cm centimeter,s seconds Mg milligrams, min minutes, g grams Hr hours M mean IQ intelligence

Numbers 0-9 spelled out except figure, table numbers and metric measurement 10 and above, write in numbers

Tables No vertical lines Table number e.g. Table 1 Next double spaced line: Table title flush left and italicized. No periods used after the table number or title.

Figures Start on a new page. Center the phrase Figure Captions at the top. Each figure caption is typed flush left in block format. The word 'figure' and the number are italicized, for example, Figure 1. The effects of...

References in the text A direct quote (Smith, 1998, p.265) Smith (1998) states that “whether paraphrasing or quoting, you must credit the source” (p.35). If any material is left within sentence, use … If any material is left between two sentences, use …. It is stated that “whether paraphrasing or quoting, you must credit the source” (Smith, 1998, p.35).

References in the text Paraphrasing with one author (Smith, 1998) Smith (1998) states, it is important to explain the references Smith (1998) states that ………… It is important to explain the references (Smith, 1998).

References in the text Paraphrasing with two authors (Smith & Bradley, 1998). Smith and Bradley (1998) mentioned that …. It was mentioned that …. (Smith & Bradley, 1998).

References in the text With three to five authors first time (Smith, Bradley & Sean, 1998). Smith, Bradley and Sean (1998) stated that It was stated that ….. (Smith, Bradley & Sean, 1998).

References in the text With three to five authors after first time (Smith et al., 1998). Smith et al. (1998) state, ……….. If at the end of the sentence, use (Smith et al., 1998). With six or more authors (Smith et al., 1998). With no author, use the first identifying words of the title (“Journey”, 1998).

References in the text Secondary source You read an article Smith (1998) In that article, it refers to Osborne (1996) Osborne (as cited in Smith, 1998) suggests the use of citations. In the reference section, put Smith (1998).

Reference page The page header References centered

References Journal article Smith, B., & Cornell, J. (1991). Apa guide. Journal of APA, 38, Smith, B., & Cornell, J. (1991). Apa guide. Journal of APA, 38 (9), Book Smith, B. (1990). APA guide. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

References A web site Plonsky, M. (2004). Psychology with style: A hypertext writing guide (Version 5). Retrieved from the Web January 10, Edited book Marshall, F. D. (Ed.). (2000). Apa style. Atlanta: Kluwer Publications.

References An article in an edited book Cicero, T. J. (1979). A critique of animal analogues of alcoholism. In E. Majchrowicz & E. P. Noble (Eds.), Biochemistry and pharmacology of ethanol (Volume 2, pp ). New York: Plenum Press.

References Groups as authors U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. (1971). Alcohol and Health. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

References Unpublished manuscript with a university cited Smith, J. J. (2000). APA style. Unpublished manuscript, New York University.