The Bali Action Plan and the way to Copenhagen Paul V. Desanker Team Leader, LDC and CB & Outreach Units, UNFCCC Bonn, Germany IFAD 1 st CLIMTRAIN Workshop, July 2008

Outline of the presentation Introduction to the Bali roadmap The Bali Action Plan –Mitigation –Adaptation A focus on adaptation The work of the AWG-LCA Ongoing discussions under the Kyoto Protocol

Introducing Bali … COP 13/CMP 4 held in Bali, Indonesia, Dec 2007 Key outcome was decision to launch a comprehensive process to enable –the full, effective and sustained implementation of the Convention through long-term cooperative action, – now, up to and beyond 2012 –in order to reach an agreed outcome and adopt a decision at its fifteenth session (in Copenhagen)

Decision 1/CP.13 = The Bali Action Plan A two-year negotiation process to strengthen the international response to climate change Four areas: two outcome areas (adaptation and mitigation) and two means of support (finance and technology) Implementation to take place “now, up to, and beyond 2012”

The Bali Action Plan This Bali Action Plan has 5 core elements, which are the basis for the working sessions on the future, called the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action (AWG-LCA): A shared vision for long-term cooperative action; Enhanced national/international action on mitigation of climate change; Enhanced action on adaptation; Enhanced action on technology development and transfer to support action on mitigation and adaptation; Enhanced action on the provision of financial resources and investment to support action on mitigation and adaptation and technology cooperation.

The Bali Action Plan Shared vision Emission reductions Resilience/reduced vulnerability Action by developed countries On mitigation On adaptation Action by developed countries On mitigation On adaptation Action by developing countries On mitigation On adaptation Action by developing countries On mitigation On adaptation Catalytic role of the UNFCCC Output to support Elements of support Enabling elements Elements of support Enabling elements Input to support

Mitigation: identified areas (I) Measurable, reportable and verifiable nationally appropriate mitigation commitments or actions, including quantified emission limitation and reduction objectives by all developed country Parties; Nationally appropriate mitigation actions by developing country Parties; Policy approaches and positive incentives on issues relating to reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries; and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries;

Mitigation: identified areas (II) Cooperative sectoral approaches and sector- specific activities; Various approaches, including opportunities for using markets, to enhance the cost-effectiveness of, and promote, mitigation activities; Economic and social consequences of response measures Ways to strengthen the catalytic role of the Convention in encouraging multilateral bodies, the public and private sectors and civil society, building on synergies among activities and processes, as a means to support mitigation in a coherent and integrated manner.

Adaptation: broad goal Determine essential actions to adapt to the inevitable impacts of climate change and to promote climate- resilient development These actions to be supported by technological cooperation and a financial architecture with tools to enable resource flow through different channels: public and private; national and international. Upscaling action… …by upscaling support and enabling mechanisms

Adaptation: identified areas International cooperation to support planning and implementation Risk management and reduction, including through insurance Disaster reduction strategies Economic diversification Catalyzing action by other entities Priorities of each country will depend on national circumstances

Adaptation: Special focus From para 1 (c)of the Bali Action Plan: Developing countries that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change Least Developed Countries and Small Island Developing States Countries in Africa affected by drought, desertification and floods

“Now” “Up to” “Beyond 2012” Relative fragmentation of: –Knowledge –Data/observations –Funding sources –Policy –Awareness –Implementation Adequate enabling/support mechanisms exist, but need scaling up for future needs Examples: - GEF Funds - NAPA process - NWP - CBA - CB Framework - Tech & Article 6 Clearinghouses

“Now” “Up to” “Beyond 2012” Transitioning by: –Identifying new/innovative support, e.g. insurance and financial markets –Mainstreaming adaptation in national policy –Mainstreaming adaptation in development cooperation –Continuing to fill knowledge gaps –Continuing to expand the pool of actors and linkages to other priorities –Enhancing V&A assessment through integrating bottom-up and top-down methods –Piloting concrete adaptation projects for replication and upscaling

AWG-LCA meetings The AWG-LCA is conducting substantive work on the main elements to enable the full, effective and sustained implementation of the Convention through long-term cooperative action, now, up to and beyond 2012, including:  A shared vision for long-term cooperative action  Enhanced action on mitigation of climate change  Enhanced action on adaptation  Enhanced action on technology development and transfer  Enhanced action on the provision of financial resources and investment.

AWG-LCA meetings April 2008, Bangkok Climate Change Talks: Agreed to a work programme for 2008 June 2008: Bonn Climate Change talks August 2008: Accra Climate Change Talks December 2008: Poznań, COP 14/CMP 5

AWG-LCA meetings In Accra, the group will also hold two focused workshops on: –Cooperative sectoral approaches and sector-specific actions, in order to enhance implementation of Article 4, paragraph 1(c), of the Convention –Policy approaches and positive incentives on issues relating to reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries; and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries

Ongoing discussions under the Kyoto Protocol To discuss future commitments for industrialized countries under the Kyoto Protocol, the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol established a working group in December 2005 called the Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol (AWG-KP). The AWG-KP is set to complete its work by the end of The AWG-KP will continue work on analysing the means that may be available to Annex I Parties to reach their emission reduction targets and on identifying ways to enhance their effectiveness and contribution to sustainable development.

These means include: Emissions trading and the project-based mechanisms Land use, land-use change and forestry Greenhouse gases sectors and source categories Possible approaches targeting sectoral emissions These negotiations are expected to be concluded in Accra, thus laying the groundwork for Parties to move on to negotiate emission reduction ranges in Poznań in December.

Thank you Tel: UNFCCC website