OV 1 - 1 Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. Network Theory  Networking Terminology  Network Categories  Standard Network Models.

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Presentation transcript:

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. Network Theory  Networking Terminology  Network Categories  Standard Network Models  Physical Network Topologies  Logical Network Topologies

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. Computer Networks Computers connect to communicate and share resources

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. Network Components Network ComponentDescription Device Hardware such as computers, servers, printers, fax machines, switches, and routers. Physical media Media that connects devices to a network and transmits data between the devices. Network adapterHardware that translates data between the network and a device. Network operating system Software that controls network traffic and access to common network resources.

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. Nodes Redistribution point Endpoints Switch

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. The Network Backbone Backbone

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. Types of Network Backbones Network BackboneDescription Serial Consists of multiple switches connected by one backbone cable. Typically not scaled for enterprise-wide use. Distributed/ hierarchical Consists of multiple switches connected serially to hubs or routers. Due to their hierarchical structure, these networks can be easily expanded without a significant cost impact. CollapsedUses a router or switch as the nexus for several subnetworks. Parallel Suits enterprise-wide applications. Like the collapsed backbone network, the parallel backbone network uses a central router or switch but augments the dependent switches with multiple cable connections.

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. Servers General purpose Dedicated Server 2Server 1 Client 1Client 2

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. Clients Server Client 1Client 2 Maintains resources and performs its own processing

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. Peer Computers Peer 1 Peer 2 Peer 3 Acts as both client and server Acts as both client and server

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. Host Computers Client 1 Host Client 2 Provides processing and storage capabilities Provides processing and storage capabilities

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. Terminals Terminal Host Client No processor or memory No processor or memory

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. LANs Nodes connected with cables

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. WANs Internet

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. Network Coverage Areas Network CategoryDescription MANCovers an area equivalent to a city or other municipality. CAN Covers an area equivalent to an academic campus or business park. A CAN is typically owned or used exclusively by an entity. PAN Connects two to three computers with cables and is most often seen in small or home offices. WPAN Connects wireless devices in very close proximity but not through a Wireless Access Point (WAP). Infrared and Bluetooth are some technologies used for connecting devices in a WPAN.

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. The Internet IP address

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. Intranets Internet Intranet

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. Extranets Client 1Client 2 Client 3 Clients access the organization’s resources Clients access the organization’s resources

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. Enterprise Networks LAN Remote User Network Operations Center Headquarters Branch Office Internet

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. Network Models Centralized Model

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. Segments Segment 1 Segment 2 Router Devices have common access to the network

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. Centralized Networks Connect to the host via terminals or terminal emulators Connect to the host via terminals or terminal emulators

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. Client/Server Networks Server Client 1Client 2 Clients perform basic end-user tasks Clients perform basic end-user tasks Server provides processing power, management services, and administrative functions

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. Peer-to-Peer Networks Resource sharing, processing, and communications control are completely decentralized Resource sharing, processing, and communications control are completely decentralized

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. Mixed Mode Networks Host Client/Peer ServerClient/Peer Clients with terminal emulators Incorporates elements from more than one network model Incorporates elements from more than one network model

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. Topology Describes a network's physical wiring layout Describes the paths through which data flows

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. Point-to-Point Connections A direct connection between two nodes on a network A direct connection between two nodes on a network

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. Multipoint Connections ReceiverDetectorSenderDetector Each multipoint connection has more than two endpoints

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. Radiated Connections Wireless point-to-point or multipoint connection

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. The Physical Bus Topology T-connector Terminator Nodes are arranged in a linear format

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. Data Transmission on a Bus Nodes listen passively to the channel A node transmits data when the bus is free Sends out a broadcast alert Destination node picks up the transmission In case of non-receipt of data, the bus terminates the transmission Collision occurs; nodes wait before retransmitting data

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. The Physical Star Topology Switch Individual nodes send data to the connectivity device Individual nodes send data to the connectivity device Uses a central connectivity device

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. The Physical Ring Topology Has upstream and downstream neighbors Has upstream and downstream neighbors Flow of data is unidirectional to avoid collisions Flow of data is unidirectional to avoid collisions

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. The Physical Mesh Topology Each node is directly connected to every other node

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. The Physical Tree Topology Second-level node Third-level nodes Root node Branching factor = 3

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. Hybrid Topologies Star-bus topology

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. Types of Hybrid Topologies Hybrid TopologyFormed By Star-busLinking the central nodes of star networks using a common bus. Star-of-stars Connecting the central nodes of two or more star networks with a new common node. Star-ring Connecting the central nodes of multiple star networks in a ring fashion.

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. The Logical Bus Topology

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. The Logical Ring Topology Receives data from its upstream neighbor and retransmits to downstream neighbor

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. The Logical Star Topology

OV Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved. Reflective Questions 1. In your opinion, what are the considerations for choosing between the different topologies to implement in your network? 2. Describe any background experience you have working with LANs, WANs, or other types of networks.