EBA-related HE and R&D in Estonia Jaan Kõrgesaar Rīga, August 30, 2006

Mirror, mirror on the wall… In 1988, 1st (private) EBA-school was set up, close to the 1st “nouveaux privé” HEI students on all levels, ~25,7% from student body; 85,6% of them fee- paying: changes ahead (?) 162 or ~13,9% from all acting study programs

... who’s the fairest of them all? EBA-programmes in 21 HEI-s (54%), rest have “administration” etc programmes with some EBA-studies embedded Prof Väino Rajangu’s guess: formal diversity in programme titles contrasting missing “real” diversity in content to be found elsewhere initial modernization of subject content, from ‘2002 “Bologna’s” shift to the initial broad social science base

HE rated by … Programme accreditation (full or conditional; negative means closure) EBA: graduate school (UT, TTU, BoE) EBA: PhD studies fully accr.in UT, TTU – cond. Warmhouse for PhD studies, but graduate’s outlook in academic environment to be improved

HE Policy & Strategy Social sciences, EBA incl. not in “most favoured” status by governmental HE financing scheme EBA-tribalism? Same quality standards applied but … Contrasting “consumer behaviour” and public mood

R&D Structure in Estonia 6

R&D financing system in Estonia Universities Research Institutes Research Labs of Private Business Sector Estonian Technology Agency Estonian Science Foundation Research Grant Financing Research & product development projects Technology programs in priority areas Institutional Target Financing Basic financing Financing of Infra- structures Other Ministries Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications National R&D Programmes Research Competency Council State Bodies Public Institutions Private Organizations Ministry of Education and Research 7

R&D expenditure and funding sources in Estonia (2004) and elsewhere (2002) 8 EstoniaFinlandSwedenEU-25 R&D expenditures GERD (% GDP) BERD (%GERD) R&D financing (%) (2003) State Private sector Foreign sources

Sources of financing R&D, Source: Eurostat, New Cronos, OECD, MSTI database 9

R&D spending per researcher, 2002 Full-time researchers R&D annual spending per researcher in thousands EEK Annual state allocation per researcher in thousands EEK From state (%) From abroad (%) Science Technology Medicine Agriculture Social sciences Humanities Public sector with support personnel added Private sector ,610 Allikas: Eesti Statistikaamet

Humanities Social sciences Medicine Technology Agriculture Science Relative funding of research areas, Estonia vs EU (2002)

EBA as not the most competitive field of research R&D funding Publications Citation Brain drain in 1990s

So, how much, then?

Individual research grants

Targeted financing or InstResGrant

Getting better since 2000 Grants, EU programs, 6th FW incl. Evaluation exercise ‘2000: transition-shock survival rated for 5 Ss (2 institutions, 3 faculties with TarFEBA ****; EIE and 2 fac-s *** and EBS **; MoreFundRes!). 2008? Consultancy and applied research – success or substitution PhD-employees, Harvard incl. emerge locally and gradually (Bank of Estonia)

Strategy of R&D&I, , approved on June 1, 2006 R&D from GDP 2008: 1,5% 2010:1,9% 2014:3,0% 47% from EU structural funds Development and motivation of human capital Efficient administration of public-sector R&D&I Increased innovation capacity of enterprises Policies targeted to long-term development

Challenges ahead Administratively in the area of R&D&I: Enough capable persons Competitive infrastructure Targeting needs and capacities of Estonia Steadily increasing financing

Both quality and quantity of R&D R&D employees: 8 researchers and engineers per 1000 employees 80% of R&D infrastructure modernized or built up anew 1200 research publications annually 5 times more patents

Applied research Following specific quality criteria Specific role of the client (applier/subscriber) Rules to provide state support