Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 5 Tissues

Photos, Diagrams, Tables & Notes

Fig. 5.co The whole is greater than the sum of its parts!

Table Four Types of Tissues

Tissues = groups of similar cells specialized to carry on a specific function. Four Types of Tissue: 1.Epithelial = protective coverings & secretion/absorption. 2.Connective = support and bind structures together. 3.Muscle = movement 4.Nervous = conduct impulses

Types of Tissue

 Macromolecules, solutions or salts surrounding cells.  Secreted by cells.  Functions as support for cells.  Allows for cell communication. Extracellular Matrix = “stuff” outside of cell.

Table Epithelial Tissues

Epithelial Tissues – covers organs, lines body cavities, lines hallow organs, forms glands. Since it covers or lines, it always has one side that is exposed or open. Basement Membrane = the extra-cellular matrix that is on the underside (non-open side) of the epithelial tissue.

 Nutrients diffuse into epithelial tissue from surrounding connective tissue.  No direct blood supply.  Tightly packed epithelial make excellent protective barriers. Epithelial Tissue – cont.

Classification of Epithelial Tissue Shape of cells: Squamous – flat, squished Cuboidal – cube shaped Columnar – elongated, like columns

Classification of Epithelial – cont. Number of layers of cells: Simple – one layer Stratified – 2 or more layers Pseudostratified – look stratified but are not! (“psuedo” = false )

Fig Simple Squamous Epithelium

Fig. 5.01a

Fig. 5.01b

Fig. 5.01c

Fig. 5.01d Simple Squamous Epithelium are common sites of diffusion and filtration. Forms alveoli, walls of capillaries, line body cavities. Very thin and delicate, so it is easily damaged!

Fig Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Covers the ovaries and lines kidney tubules and ducts of some glands. Functions in secretion (glands) and in absorption (kidneys).

Fig. 5.02a

Fig. 5.02b

Fig Simple Columnar Epithelium Ciliated – are found in female reproductive tubes (fallopian tubes). Nonciliated – are found lining the stomach, small and large intestines.

Fig. 5.03a Microvilli – many folds or process of the cell membrane. The increase surface area and aid in absorption. Goblet Cells – flask shaped cells that secrete mucus for protection.

Fig. 5.03b Simple columnar epithelium secrete digestive fluids and absorb nutrients.

Fig Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Nuclei do not form a straight line, making the single layer look stratified. Lines the trachea – goblet cells and cilia work to trap particles and move them upward, out of the airways.

Fig. 5.04a

Fig. 5.04b

Fig Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Fig. 5.05a Keratin = protein that is water resistant and tough. *Keratinized cells form the epidermis of the skin. (cells are not alive at surface) *Non-keratinized SSE line oral cavity, vagina, esophogus & anal canal. (cells are alive at surface)

Fig. 5.05b

Fig Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium Lines the larger ducts of the mammary and sweat glands. Provides protection.

Fig. 5.06a

Fig. 5.06b

Fig Stratified Columnar Epithelium Superficial cells are Columnar, but basal cells are Cuboidal. Found in male urethra, vas defrens and parts of pharynx.

Fig. 5.07a

Fig. 5.07b

Fig Transitional Epithelium

Fig. 5.08a Provides “stretch-ability” and protection to the inner layer of the urinary bladder and urethra.

Fig. 5.08b

Fig. 5.08c

Fig. 5.08d

Table Glandular Epithelium Endocrine Glands – Secrete products directly into blood or tissues. (ex. Adrenal, thyroid, etc.) Exocrine Glands – Secrete products into ducts, that then open onto surfaces (Salivary, mammary, sweat, etc.)

Fig Types of Exocrine Glands

Fig. 5.09a Merocrine Glands Releases protein-rich fluids. Examples: Sweat Glands, salivary glands & pancreas. Serous cells – watery secretions. Mucous cells – thicker mucus secretions

Fig. 5.09b Apocrine Gland Secrete portions of their cells with their products. Example: Mammary glands

Fig. 5.09c Holocrine Gland Secretes the whole cell. Ex: Sebaceous Gland (gland of skin/hair)

Connective Tissue: Bind structures, provide support, produce blood & store fat. Most varied type of tissue, in appearance and functions. Usually has a lot of extracellular matrix. Extracellular matrix varies based on function of connective tissue.

Table Common cells and fibers of all connective tissue.

Fig Fibroblast

Fig. 5.11

Fig Mast Cell

Table Types of Connective Tissues

Fig Loose Connective Tissue – binds organs together

Fig. 5.13a

Fig. 5.13b

Fig Adipose Tissue – stores fat, insulates & protects.

Fig. 5.14a

Fig. 5.14b

Fig Dense Connective Tissue – Binds organs together.

Fig. 5.15a

Fig. 5.15b

Fig Hyaline Cartilage – Provides framework, protects bones at joints.

Fig. 5.16a

Fig. 5.16b

Fig Elastic Cartilage – Provides flexible framework.

Fig. 5.17a

Fig. 5.17b

Fig Fibrocartilage – absorbs shock

Fig. 5.18a

Fig. 5.18b

Fig Bone – Provides framework and support.

Fig. 5.19a

Fig. 5.19b

Fig. 5.19c

Fig Blood – transports nutrients, waste & chemical messengers.

Fig. 5.20a

Fig. 5.20b

Three types of Muscle Tissue Terms Associated with Muscle Tissue: Striated = looks striped! Has organized bands of actin and myosin microfilaments. Non-Striated = no stripes. Has actin and myosin, just not organized. Voluntary Control – we can control muscles through conscious thoughts. Involuntary Control – we can not control consciously.

Table. 5.06

Fig Skeletal Muscle – striated muscle, with voluntary and involuntary control.

Fig. 5.21a

Fig. 5.21b

Fig Smooth Muscle – non-striated muscle that is under involuntary controlled. (EX: Blood vessels and digestive tract)

Fig. 5.22a

Fig. 5.22b

Fig Cardiac Muscle = Muscle tissue of the heart. Features: Striated, involuntary & branched. Intercalated discs: help coordinate contractions.

Fig. 5.23a

Fig. 5.23b

Fig Nervous Tissue – neurons and supporting cells of the nervous system. (Brain, spinal cord and nerves)

Neuron = cell of nervous tissue that relays signals. Dendrites – receive signals. Cell Body – contains nucleus & organelles. Axon – sends signal to other neurons.

Fig. 5.24a

Fig. 5.24b

Fig. f5.a