Right Atrium Left Atrium Right Ventricle Left Ventricle

Right Atrium  Receives blood from the systemic circuit

Collects blood from the pulmonary circuit Left Atrium

Right Ventricle  Discharges blood into the pulmonary circuit

Left ventricle  Ejects it into the systemic circuit

Layers of <3 walls The wall of the heart contains three layers: - Epicardium (visceral pericardium) - Myocardium - Endocardium

Epicardium (visceral pericardium)  Covers the outer surface of the heart  It membrane consists of an exposed epithelium and an underlying layer of loose connective tissue that is attached to the myocardium.

Myocardium  Muscular of wall of the heart contains cardiac muscle tissue, blood vessels and nerves  The muscle tissue of the myocardium forms concentric layers that wrap around the atria and spiral onto the walls of the ventricles. It squeezing and twisting contractions that increase the pumping of the heart.

Endocardium  The heart’s inner surface, including the heart valves are covered endacarduim a simple squamous epithelium that is continuous with endothelium (epithelial lining) of the attached blood vessels.

Arteries  Coronary arteries  purpose  Coronary vein  purpose  Blockage  Coronary sinus

Tissue and Cell of the heart  Cardiac Muscle Cell  Contraction  Intercalated discs specialized site where membrane of adjacent cells are held together by demuse and linked by gap junction (provide movement of ions and small molecules, enabling action potentials to travel rapidly from cell to cell  Connective Tissue  Collagen and fiber  Purposes of fiber

Fibrous Skeleton of the Heart  Blood Vessel  Connective Tissue  Purpose: stabilizes the position and the heart valves and physically isolates the atrial muscle from ventricular muscle tissue (important b/c it shows the timing of ventricular contraction is relative to atrial contraction can be controlled)”

Ventricles  Purpose  Difference between left and right ventricles

Valves of the Heart

4 Valves  Right Atrioventricular Valve  Pulmonary Semilunar Valve  Left Atrioventricular Valve  Aortic Semilunar Valve

Anatomy of a Valve  2-3 cusps – flaps  Cusps are braced by chordae tendineae  Connective tissue fibers meaning “tendinous cords”  Fibers connected to papillary muscles  Cone shaped projections on the inner surface of the ventricle  Contraction tenses the chordae tendineae  Limit movement of cusps  Prevent blood from moving backwards

Atrioventricular (AV) Valve  From atrium to ventricle  Right Atrioventricular Valve  Tricuspid valve  3 cusps  Left Atrioventricular Valve  Bicuspid valve  Mitral valve  2 cusps  Shaped like a bishop’s hat

Semilunar Valves  Shaped like a crescent moon  Pulmonary (semilunar) valve  Guards entrance to the pulmonary trunk  Start of pulmonary circuit  Aortic (semilunar) valve  Guards entrance to the aorta  Start of the systemic circuit

Bibliography  = &id= = &id=  nfo.php?term=Papillary+Muscles&lang=1 nfo.php?term=Papillary+Muscles&lang=1  Medical science book  anatomy anatomy  tory-system/printable/57731.html

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