Unit 7B: The Great Depression & World War II 1929-1945 Part 1: Causes and effects of the Great Depression Part 2: The New Deal response Part 3: Causes, course and effects of WWII Unit Q: How did the major crises between 1929 and 1945 affect the American national identity?

I. Long-term causes of Great Depression Overproduction & underconsumption of consumer goods Uneven distribution of wealth Bull market Buying stocks on margin Overspeculation

II. Short-term cause of Great Depression Black Tuesday: great stock market crash (1929) Everyone wanted to sell stocks

III. Effects of Great Depression Bank & business failures Unemployment Wages decreased Dust Bowl > Farmers lost farms Steinbeck’s Grapes of Wrath (1939) Loss of self-worth “Hoovervilles” Worst depression in US history

IV. Franklin & Eleanor Roosevelt From wealthy class Governor of NY Great speaker Eleanor most active first lady in US history “conscience” of New Deal

V. 1st New Deal (1933-1935)

V. 1st New Deal (1933-1935) 1st Hundred Days (presented goals) Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (1933) Civilian Conservation Corps (1933) Agricultural Adjustment Administration (1933) Tennessee Valley Authority (1933) Effects of 1st New Deal economy improved unemployment dropped

VI. Critics of the 1st New Deal Senator Huey “Kingfish” Long Share Our Wealth program Argued FDR administration didn’t do enough Supreme Court Ruled much of New Deal unconstitutional Argued FDR administration went too far

VII. 2nd New Deal (1935-1938) In response to critics Wagner Act (1935) Social Security Act (1935) Court-packing bill (1937)

VIII. Legacy of the New Deal Criticism New Deal did not cure depression, WWII did Support No revolution (like in Europe) Reforms are still important today

IX. Origins of WWII Treaty of Versailles punished Germany League of Nations ineffective Great Depression caused totalitarianism American isolationism > Neutrality Acts (1935-1939) Limited presidential power Cash-carry policy > solved unemployment crisis

X. Moving Away from Neutrality Lend-Lease Act (April 1941) Supply allies Ended neutrality > German u-boat attacks Japanese imperialism in Asia > tension with US Negotiations failed Attack on Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7 1941) FDR requests Declaration of War

XI. War Mobilization at Home War Production Board: regulate war goods “Rosie the Riveter” 5 million women > family incomes increased Office of Price Administration Rationing of anything used in war effort Volunteerism Manhattan Project (1942) Researched & built bomb at Los Alamos, NM Led by Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer

XII. Discrimination A. Philip Randolph & African American laborers March on Washington Movement (1941) FDR’s Fair Employment Practices Committee Japanese-American internment Military “necessity” Italians and Germans left alone

XIII. Allied Turning Points Japan pushed back in Pacific Battle of Midway (June 1942): turning point in Pacific Island-hopping began Invasion of Europe D-Day (June 6, 1944) Led by General Dwight Eisenhower Fall of Berlin = V-E Day (May 7, 1945) The atomic bomb at Hiroshima & Nagasaki V-J Day (August 14, 1945)

XIV. Aftermath Casualties Little damage on American homeland Approximately 50 million dead (405, 000 Americans) Little damage on American homeland Post-war issues Cold War rivalry began immediately Began atomic age