1. Which cell type can differentiate into an antibody producing plasma cells? A.B cells B.NK cells C.Tc cells D.Th cells

2. Which of the following statement refer to T cells? A.When activated, they produce a secreted form of their antigen-recognition molecule. B.Their antigen receptors are composed of two heavy chains and two light chains. C.They recognize epitopes of native antigen. D.They bind to antigen peptides associated with HLA proteins.

3. The class of immunoglobulin that is transported across the placenta from mother to foetus is A.IgA B.IgD C.IgE D.IgG E.IgM

4. Which of the following factors has not been associated with the development of autoimmune disease: A.Sex B.HLA C.Genetic factors other than HLA D.Infection E.SCID

5. Ankylosing spondylitis is strongly associated with HLA-: A.B8 B.DR3 C.DR4 D.B27 E.DR2

6. Which of the following is a non-organ- specific (systemic) autoimmune disease: A.Myasthenia gravis B.Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) C.Hashimoto's thyroiditis D.Pernicious anemia E.Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

7. HLA-DR2 is a risk factor for: A.Multiple sclerosis B.Insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes C.Ankylosing spondylitis D.Rheumatoid arthritis E.Myasthenia gravis

8. Exophthalmos is often associated with: A.Hashimoto's disease B.Primary myxedema C.Graves' disease D.Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura E.Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

9. Neonatal myasthenia gravis is thought to be caused by: A.An inherited genetic defect B.Transplacental transfer of maternal IgG against the TSH receptor C.Anti-idiotype to maternal IgG D.Transplacental transfer of maternal IgG against the acetylcholine receptor E.Maternal T-cells transferred across the placenta

10. In type 1 diabetes (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), the target of the autoimmune attack is: A.All of the cells in the islets of Langerhans B.The β-cells in the islets of Langerhans C.The somatostatin-producing cells in the islets of Langerhans D.The glucagon-producing cells in the islets of Langerhans E.Cells throughout the body which have an insulin receptor

11. A therapeutic approach in rheumatoid arthritis is to: A.Stimulate TNF (TNFa) production B.Inhibit TNF (TNFa) activity C.Reduce TGFb secretion D.Administer silver salts E.Use prostaglandin

12. A difference between organ-specific and nonorgan-specific autoimmune disorders is that: A.Only in organ-specific autoimmune disorders is there a greater incidence in women B.Associations with HLA are only seen in nonorgan-specific autoimmunity C.Circulating autoantibodies react with normal body components only in organ-specific autoimmune disorders D.It is only in organ-specific autoimmune disorders that autoantibody tests are of diagnostic value E.Only in nonorgan-specific autoimmune diseases are anti-nuclear antibodies a frequent feature