Chapter 7 INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, THIRD CANADIAN EDITION by John Hunsley and Catherine M. Lee

Questions Defining intelligence Theories of intelligence Assessing intelligence: The clinical context The Wechsler Intelligence scales Other Intelligence scales Selected cognitive assessment scales For next class Overview

Intelligence is a person’s global capacity to act purposely, to think in a rational manner and to deal effectively with his or her environment. David Wechsler, 1939 Defining Intelligence

How can you tell if someone is intelligent? Examples of intelligent behaviour So what is intelligence?

40-80% of variability in intelligence scores is due to genetic factors Environment affects the extent to which individuals achieve their full genetic potential 280 genes associated with intellectual disability identified; no single gene associated with normal variation Breast-feeding seems to be associated with higher IQ among babies born prematurely. Correlates of intelligence: Nisbett et al. 2012

Breast-feeding seems to be associated with higher IQ among babies born prematurely. Higher SES in children adopted from low SES homes Aerobic exercise in older adults Nisbett et al. variables that are protective:

Spearman ‘g’ and ‘s’ Thurstone Guilford Factor models Cattell: fluid versus crystallized intelligence Hierarchical models Sternberg’s triarchic theory Gardner’s mulitiple intelligences Information processing models Disconnect between psychological science on cognitive abilities and the ways we assess clinically Theories of Intelligence

Do these psychological theories capture the full scope of what intelligence is? How are our theories of intelligence shaped by historical and cultural factors? In what ways can intelligence testing be appropriately used? Misused? Class Discussion

Why assess intelligence? – to identify possible impairments/weaknesses/strengths – to Identify appropriate learning environments – to make recommendations for modifying work/home environments Assessing Intelligence: The clinical context

WPPSI-III WISC-IV WAIS-IV WASI Standard scores: mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15 Wechsler Scales

Verbal Comprehension Perceptual Reasoning Working Memory Processing Speed Wechsler scale indexes

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test Other Intelligence Scales

Wechsler Memory Scale – Why assess memory? – Do the WMS subtests seem relevant to memory tasks in daily life? Selected Cognitive Assessment Scales

Wechsler Individual Achievement Test – Why assess achievement? – What factors other than intelligence are likely to affect academic achievement? Selected Cognitive Assessment Scales

For next class

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