APA (5 th ed.) Style Guide How to Create Reference List Entries and How to Cite Them in a Paper

Overview Purpose of a style guide –standardize –easier to find what you want Somewhat arbitrary –APA does not always “make sense” but …

Overview If there is a dispute about how to do it, the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association is the reference source. APA has a Web site that can also be useful

Structure of a reference: Periodical [paper copy] Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of periodical, xx, yyy-yyy. includes items published on a regular basis –journals, magazines, scholarly newsletters, etc. hanging paragraph format

Structure of a reference: Periodical [paper copy] Leonard, D., & McAdam, R. (2008). Corporate social responsibility. Quality Progress, 36,

ONLINE RESOURCES

Academic Search Premier Can you pick out the pieces? –Authors? Date? Article title? Periodical title? Volume [issue]? Pages?

Structure of a reference: Online Periodical If you use a periodical database to get an online, full-text version of the article [HTML, PDF], you need to add some more information. Retrieved month, day, year, from source. –when YOU retrieved it

Structure of a reference: Online Periodical

Leeds, R. (2003). Breach of trust. Harvard International Review, 25, Retrieved December 9, 2009, from the Academic Search Premier database.

Structure of a reference: Nonperiodical Author, A. A. (year). Title of work. Location: Publisher. items published separately –books, reports, brochures, manuals, and audiovisual media

Structure of a reference: Nonperiodical Sonnenberg, F. K. (2008). Managing with a conscience. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Structure of a reference: Part of a Nonperiodical Special consideration –initials of editors go BEFORE surname –insert (Ed.) or (Eds.) after last editor followed by comma –book title italicized with initial capital, capital after colon, and capital for proper nouns [including abbreviations] –page number of chapter

Structure of a reference: Part of a Nonperiodical Tushman, M. L., Newman, W. H., & Romanelli, E. (2002). Convergence and upheaval. In H. Mintzberg & J. B. Quinn (Eds.), Readings in the strategy process (pp ). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.

Structure of a reference: Brochure

Courtplex Fitness Centre. (2004, Winter). Group Fitness Schedule [Brochure]. Kelowna, BC: Author.

Structure of a reference: Brochure

Coldwell Banker Commercial - Horizon Realty. (n.d.). Mill Creek Commerce Park [Brochure]. Kelowna, BC: Author.

Structure of a reference: Videotape Doubletalk Productions ( Producer), & Shepard, K. (Director). (2005). Who stole my cheese? [videotape], United States: Doubletake Productions.

Structure of a reference: Online Document Author, A. A. (year) Title of work. Retrieved month, day, year from source. electronic sources include aggregated databases, Web sites or Web pages, newsgroups, Web- or based discussion groups / newsletters

Structure of a reference: Online Document

MacDonald, C. (n.d.). Creating a code of ethics for your organization. Retrieved January 13, 2009, from ethicsweb.ca/codes/ –Note that this source has no date [n.d.] and that it does NOT end with a period

Structure of a reference: Online Corporate Web Site

WestJet. (n.d.). Home page. Retrieved February 8, 2009, from westjet.com/internet/sky/index.jsp

Citing a source in the paper 1. One work by one author Author’s name given in the body of your paper: – Leeds (2003) reported… Author’s name not given in the body of your paper but rather in parentheses: – In a study on the comparison process (Leeds, 2003)…

Citing a source in the paper 2. Citing a secondary source In Smith’s 1998 study (as cited in Leonard & McAdam, 2003)… Research (Smith, 1998, as cited in Leonard & McAdam, 2003) has shown … –Do NOT include Smith (1998) in the reference list. DO include Leonard and McAdam (2003).

Citing a source in the paper 3. Direct quotations For direct quotations, include the page number of the quote Stereotypes have been defined as “generalized and usually value-laden impressions that one social group uses in characterizing members of another group” (Lindgren, 2001, p. 1617).

Citing a source in the paper 4. Electronic sources without page numbers Use the paragraph number, preceded by the paragraph symbol - ¶ - or the abbreviation para. If the paragraph number is not visible, cite the heading and the paragraph number following it. (Myers, 2000, ¶ 5) (Butler, 2000, Conclusion, para. 1)

Citing a source in the paper 5. Personal communications (e.g., letters, phone calls, interviews, messages, memos, irretrievable documents) J. L. Lowther (personal communication, June 12, 2009) (J. L. Lowther, personal communication, June 12, 2009) –Do NOT include personal communications in the reference list. Cite them in text only.

Structure of a reference and citation: Online documents - Same author Health Canada. (n.d.a). Physical activity in Canada. Retrieved January 31, 2009, from fitness/work/activity_e.html Health Canada. (n.d.b). Supporting material Retrieved January 31, 2009, from supp_material_e.html Citation: Health Canada (n.d.a) reported that... Citation: (Health Canada, n.d.a

Conclusions Points of Emphasis –pay particular attention to the last page reference list of a paper –hanging paragraph format –double space entire paper, including reference list – Page numbers in the upper right hand corner

Conclusions Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (5 th ed.) –available in the Reference Collection of Library