March 13, Unit VIII Introduction: Civil Rights Movement Notes (part 1) The Movement Begins 3. Video Clip: Brown vs. Board of Education Vocabulary 5. Current Event Due Tomorrow

UNIT VIII CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT (Chapter 29, Sections 1-3)

CRM The Movement Begins29.1

Origins 1896: Plessy v. Ferguson: Supreme Court established separate but equal. 1896: Plessy v. Ferguson: Supreme Court established separate but equal. Jim Crow laws in the South enforced separation of the black and white races. Jim Crow laws in the South enforced separation of the black and white races. De jure segregation- imposed by law. (schools, restaurants, parks, buses, etc.) De jure segregation- imposed by law. (schools, restaurants, parks, buses, etc.) De facto segregation: By unwritten laws. De facto segregation: By unwritten laws. Existed in many places across the country. Existed in many places across the country. Across the country: “White flight” to suburbs, leaving inner cities minority and poor. Across the country: “White flight” to suburbs, leaving inner cities minority and poor. African-Americans were denied housing, hired in low paying jobs, lived in black only neighborhoods, etc. African-Americans were denied housing, hired in low paying jobs, lived in black only neighborhoods, etc.

Origins “The Big Four” Black Civil Rights Groups: NAACP, CORE, SNCC, SCLC. “The Big Four” Black Civil Rights Groups: NAACP, CORE, SNCC, SCLC. 1909: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) challenged segregation in the courts. 1909: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) challenged segregation in the courts.

CRM Begins NAACP was most powerful civil rights organization. NAACP was most powerful civil rights organization. Led by Thurgood Marshall, a lawyer. Led by Thurgood Marshall, a lawyer. NAACP challenged segregated schools in case Brown v. Board of Education (1954) in Topeka, Kansas. NAACP challenged segregated schools in case Brown v. Board of Education (1954) in Topeka, Kansas. NAACP won and school segregation was declared unconstitutional! NAACP won and school segregation was declared unconstitutional!

CRM Begins Brown v. Board threatened entire system of segregation and angered white Southerners. Brown v. Board threatened entire system of segregation and angered white Southerners. They were determined to defend segregation. They were determined to defend segregation. Over 100 Southern Congressmen issued Southern Manifesto. Over 100 Southern Congressmen issued Southern Manifesto. Declared an abuse of power by the Supreme Court over states’ rights. Declared an abuse of power by the Supreme Court over states’ rights.

Emmitt Till Murdered in Mississippi in 1955 at age of 14. Murdered in Mississippi in 1955 at age of 14.

Origins 1942: James Farmer founded CORE. 1942: James Farmer founded CORE. Congress of Racial Equality- believed in nonviolent methods to gain equality, such as sit-ins. Congress of Racial Equality- believed in nonviolent methods to gain equality, such as sit-ins. Members go to segregated public facilities and when denied service, sit down and refuse to leave. Members go to segregated public facilities and when denied service, sit down and refuse to leave. CORE successfully integrated many public facilities in the north and Midwest throughout 1940’s and 1950’s. CORE successfully integrated many public facilities in the north and Midwest throughout 1940’s and 1950’s.

CRM Begins Rosa Parks boarded a bus in Montgomery, Alabama Rosa Parks boarded a bus in Montgomery, Alabama. Refused to ride in the back seat and arrested. Refused to ride in the back seat and arrested. In response, blacks protested by refusing to ride the busses. In response, blacks protested by refusing to ride the busses. NAACP started legal challenge against segregation laws in Alabama. NAACP started legal challenge against segregation laws in Alabama. Dr. Martin Luther King, a Baptist minister, encouraged blacks to protest in peaceful manner. Dr. Martin Luther King, a Baptist minister, encouraged blacks to protest in peaceful manner.

CRM Begins Black churches played important role in Civil Rights Movement. Black churches played important role in Civil Rights Movement. After bus boycott, King and minister Ralph Abernathy established SCLC, Southern Christian Leadership Conference. After bus boycott, King and minister Ralph Abernathy established SCLC, Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Goal: Continue struggle for civil rights through church organization and religious faith. Goal: Continue struggle for civil rights through church organization and religious faith. Advocated non-violent means of protest using Church as foundation. Advocated non-violent means of protest using Church as foundation.

Little Rock Nine 1957-Nine black students forced to integrate Central High in Little Rock, Arkansas Nine black students forced to integrate Central High in Little Rock, Arkansas. Arkansas Gov. Orval Faubus called in State National Guard & denied students entry. Arkansas Gov. Orval Faubus called in State National Guard & denied students entry. TV coverage placed Little Rock at center of national attention. TV coverage placed Little Rock at center of national attention. Eisenhower sent federal troops to allow students to enter and protect them. Eisenhower sent federal troops to allow students to enter and protect them. After students entered, angry white mob beat African American reporters and threw stones at school windows. After students entered, angry white mob beat African American reporters and threw stones at school windows. Troops stayed there all year. Troops stayed there all year.

CRM Civil Rights Act of 1957: The first civil rights law to pass since Reconstruction. Civil Rights Act of 1957: The first civil rights law to pass since Reconstruction. Protected voting rights of blacks in the South. Protected voting rights of blacks in the South.