Ions Wednesday January 8, 2014 EQ: What is an ion and how does an atom become an ion? How are valence electrons related to ions (cations and anions).

What’s an Ion? An atom, or a group of atoms, that have a charge. + -

1 8 2 3 4 5 6 7 H Li Be K Rb Sr Cs Ba Fr Ra N S As Se Sb Te Bi Po F Ar 11 Na 12 Mg 19 K 20 Ca 37 Rb 38 Sr 55 Cs 56 Ba 87 Fr 88 Ra 7 N 8 O 15 P 16 S 33 As 34 Se 51 Sb 52 Te 83 Bi 84 Po 2 He 9 F 10 Ne 17 Cl 18 Ar 35 Br 36 Kr 53 I 54 Xe 85 At 86 Rn 2 3 4 5 6 7 21 Sc 22 Ti 39 Y 40 Zr 57-71 72 Hf 89-103 104 Rf 23 V 24 Cr 41 Nb 42 Mo 73 Ta 74 W 105 Db 106 Sg 25 Mn 26 Fe 43 Tc 44 Ru 75 Re 76 Os 107 Bh 108 Hs 5 B 6 C 13 Al 14 Si 31 Ga 32 Ge 49 In 50 Sn 81 Ti 82 Pb 113 Fr 114 Uug 29 Cu 30 Zn 47 Ag 48 Cd 79 Au 80 Hg 111 Rg 112 Uub 27 Co 28 Ni 45 Rh 46 Pd 77 Ir 78 Pt 109 Mt 110 Ds

8 1 8 2 3 4 5 6 7 H Li Be K Rb Sr Cs Ba Fr Ra N S As Se Sb Te Bi Po F 11 Na 12 Mg 19 K 20 Ca 37 Rb 38 Sr 55 Cs 56 Ba 87 Fr 88 Ra 7 N 8 O 15 P 16 S 33 As 34 Se 51 Sb 52 Te 83 Bi 84 Po 2 He 9 F 10 Ne 17 Cl 18 Ar 35 Br 36 Kr 53 I 54 Xe 85 At 86 Rn 2 3 4 5 6 7 5 B 6 C 13 Al 14 Si 31 Ga 32 Ge 49 In 50 Sn 81 Ti 82 Pb 113 Fr 114 Uug 8

More protons = (Positive charge) 11 Na Sodium Lost 1 electron Na Na+ Protons (+) = Electrons (-) = Valence electrons = Protons (+) = Electrons (-) = Valence Electrons = 11 10 8  11 1 More protons = (Positive charge) Neutral (no charge)

8 1 8 2 3 4 5 6 7 H Li Be K Rb Sr Cs Ba Fr Ra N S As Se Sb Te Bi Po F 11 Na 12 Mg 19 K 20 Ca 37 Rb 38 Sr 55 Cs 56 Ba 87 Fr 88 Ra 7 N 8 O 15 P 16 S 33 As 34 Se 51 Sb 52 Te 83 Bi 84 Po 2 He 9 F 10 Ne 17 Cl 18 Ar 35 Br 36 Kr 53 I 54 Xe 85 At 86 Rn 2 3 4 5 6 7 5 B 6 C 13 Al 14 Si 31 Ga 32 Ge 49 In 50 Sn 81 Ti 82 Pb 113 Fr 114 Uug 8

More protons = (Positive charge) 12 Mg Magnesium Mg2+ Lost 2 electrons Mg Protons (+) = 12 Electrons (-) = 10 Valence Electrons = 8  Protons (+) = 12 Electrons (-) = 12 Valence Electrons = 2 Neutral (no charge) More protons = (Positive charge)

More protons = (Positive charge) Mg2+ Cation -ion Protons (+) = 12 Electrons (-) = 10 Valence Electrons = 8  More protons = (Positive charge)

Na+ K+ Li+ Li+ K+ K+ Na+ Li+ Na+

8 1 8 2 3 4 5 6 7 H Li Be K Rb Sr Cs Ba Fr Ra N S As Se Sb Te Bi Po F 11 Na 12 Mg 19 K 20 Ca 37 Rb 38 Sr 55 Cs 56 Ba 87 Fr 88 Ra 7 N 8 O 15 P 16 S 33 As 34 Se 51 Sb 52 Te 83 Bi 84 Po 2 He 9 F 10 Ne 17 Cl 18 Ar 35 Br 36 Kr 53 I 54 Xe 85 At 86 Rn 2 3 4 5 6 7 5 B 6 C 13 Al 14 Si 31 Ga 32 Ge 49 In 50 Sn 81 Ti 82 Pb 113 Fr 114 Uug 8

MORE electrons = (Negative charge) 8 O Oxygen O O2- Gain 2 electrons Protons (+) = 8 Electrons (-) = 10 Protons (+) = 8 Electrons (-) = 8 Neutral (no charge) MORE electrons = (Negative charge)

More electrons = (Negative charge) anion a negative Protons (+) = Electrons (-) = 8 10 More electrons = (Negative charge)

Ion Review + + Ion: an atom or group of atoms with a charge Cation: An ion with a positive charge (MORE PROTONS than electrons) + + Anion: An ion with a negative charge (MORE ELECTRONS than protons)

NON METALS METALS IF YOU LOOK AT A PERIODIC TABLE – STAIRCASE – SEPARATES METALS AND NONMETALS CHEMICAL WITH METAL CONNECTED TO NONMETAL = IONIC BOND

8 Mg Valence Electrons Gain? Or Lose? Symbol & Charge Anion or Cation? Metal or Nonmetal Magnesium 2 Lose 2 Mg2+ Cation Metal 8 12 Mg IF YOU LOOK AT A PERIODIC TABLE – STAIRCASE – SEPARATES METALS AND NONMETALS CHEMICAL WITH METAL CONNECTED TO NONMETAL = IONIC BOND

Anions/Cations: Interpreting the Periodic Table Homework Anions/Cations: Interpreting the Periodic Table