Bone Development. Composition of Bone Approximately 33%-Organic  Collagen  Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)  Contain Chondroitin sulfate  Resilience and.

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Presentation transcript:

Bone Development

Composition of Bone Approximately 33%-Organic  Collagen  Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)  Contain Chondroitin sulfate  Resilience and toughness

Composition of Bone Approximately 66% Inorganic  Calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite), calcium carbonate and magnesium phosphate  Hardness and rigidity  Radiopaque-xray cannot penetrate  Decalcify with acid—bone biopsies  Alkaline phosphatase plays a role in mineralization

Review the components Osteocytes Osteiod Lacunae Canaliculi

Review Osteoblasts  Form new bone  Periosteum and endosteum holds in reserve Osteoclasts  Bone destroying

Terms Ossification=true bone formation  Calcium deposited in osteoid matrix Calcification=calcium salts deposited in other tissue  Generally pathologic!!

Types of new bone formation Endochondral ossification=replacing fetal cartilage model with bone Intramembranous ossification=fibrous tissue infiltrated by osteoid tissue  Flat bones-i.e. skull

Intramembranous Ossification

Endochondral Ossification Cartilage pattern Ossification process starts in the midshaft  Replacing cartilage with bone  Osteoblast or osteoclasts? Ossification centers-primary (diaphysis) and secondary (epiphysis) Physis-proliferation of cartilage  Bone growth!

Ossification Centers Primary Ossification Center Secondary Ossification Center

Endochondral Ossification

What controls bone length growth?? Growth hormone  Stimulates release of insulinlike growth factors ( in liver and cells near growth plate)  Stimulate chondrocyte-increase cartilage production in epiphyseal cartilage Androgens (Testosterone> estrogen)  Ultimately, brings on epiphyseal closure  Stimulate ossification center vs. cartilage production

Mechanical Stress to bone Static vs. Dynamic load Stretch Compression Bending Torsion (twisting) Shearing

Remodeling Continuous turnover of bone in mature animals  Atrophy  Hypertrophy  Reshapes to minimize mechanical stress

Hormonal control of remodeling

Types of Fractures Simple vs. Open Fracture

Types of Fractures Greenstick fractures vs. Complete fracture

Types of Fractures Physeal fracture –young animals

Where are the fractures??

Types of Fractures Comminuted fractures

Fracture Repair Apposition and Immobilization Process  Clot formation  Granulation tissue  Periosteal and endosteal osteoblasts  Release osteoid to produce callus  Callus becomes ossified  Remodeling-osteoclasts remove excess

Callus formation

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