1932 Election Democrats nominated the governor of New York, FDR (cousin of Theodore Roosevelt) - promised a “New Deal”Democrats nominated the governor of New York, FDR (cousin of Theodore Roosevelt) - promised a “New Deal” Democrats won the majority in the House and SenateDemocrats won the majority in the House and Senate

Franklin Delano Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) won the 1932 Presidential election 57.4% to Hoover’s 39.7%.

FDR gathered information from many university professors/ economic experts (Rexford Tugwell, Raymond Moley, Adolph Berle Jr.) known as the Brain Trust.

Most diverse administration in US history: including blacks, Jews, Catholics, and women. Frances Perkins became 1st female Cabinet member as Secretary of Labor

The New Deal had three major goals: I. R elief for the unemployed II. plans for economic R ecovery III. R eforms to prevent another depression

The First 100 Days Bank HolidayBank Holiday Emergency Banking Relief Act – Gov’t. gained ability to authorize banks to open.Emergency Banking Relief Act – Gov’t. gained ability to authorize banks to open. Fireside chats – FDR gave weekly radio addresses to the public.Fireside chats – FDR gave weekly radio addresses to the public. 20th Amendment “lame duck amendment”20th Amendment “lame duck amendment”

Fireside Chats FDR gave 30 radio speeches to the nation, which became known as fireside chats.fireside chats FDR’s first fireside chat on the bank crisis. (March 12, 1933)

Glass-Steagall Act Established the FDICEstablished the FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance CorporationFederal Deposit Insurance Corporation –Provided insurance to individual bank accounts individual bank accounts up to $5,000 up to $5,000 (now up to $250,000)

Federal Securities Act The SEC, Securities Exchange Commission was created to increase confidence in the stock market.The SEC, Securities Exchange Commission was created to increase confidence in the stock market. –Practices must be open to the public. to the public. –No insider trading.

21 st Amendment Beer-Wine Revenue ActBeer-Wine Revenue Act FDR hoped to increase revenue by legalizing some alcohol salesFDR hoped to increase revenue by legalizing some alcohol sales (sin taxes). (sin taxes).

Help is on the Way! The Agricultural Adjustment Act – farmers were paid to slow down production, which would raise prices. Why controversial?The Agricultural Adjustment Act – farmers were paid to slow down production, which would raise prices. Why controversial? The Civilian Conservation CorpsThe Civilian Conservation Corps –Built roads, parks, planted trees, and developed flood control.

And More… The Public Works Administration / National Industrial Recoveries ActThe Public Works Administration / National Industrial Recoveries Act –Built schools and government buildings –Built roads and bridges The National Recovery AdministrationThe National Recovery Administration –Set prices and minimum wages

And Still More… National Housing Act & The Federal Housing Commission –H–H–H–Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) provided loans to homeowners in default The Federal Emergency Relief Administration - Harry Hopkins –P–P–P–Provided funds for direct relief to poor / needy through state & local governments

1936 Election - Defeats Alf Landon in a landslide With over 60% of popular vote seen as a thumbs up to the New DealWith over 60% of popular vote seen as a thumbs up to the New Deal New Democratic coalition:New Democratic coalition: 1. The South 2. White ethnic groups in the cities 3. Midwestern farmers 4. Labor unions 5. African-Americans - why significant?

Critics of the New Deal Huey Long Father Coughlin Dr. Francis Townsend

FDR Faces Opposition Conservatives say his Big Government has gone too far - American Liberty League …some liberals say not far enough.Conservatives say his Big Government has gone too far - American Liberty League …some liberals say not far enough. The conservative Supreme Court strikes down the NRA (Schechter v. U.S.) and AAA (U.S. v Butler).The conservative Supreme Court strikes down the NRA (Schechter v. U.S.) and AAA (U.S. v Butler). He is accused of assuming legislative powers.He is accused of assuming legislative powers. FDR has an answer…?FDR has an answer…?

“Court-Packing” Plan Even some Dems thought this went too far - Congress did not grant his request for a new panel of judges - 1st time!Even some Dems thought this went too far - Congress did not grant his request for a new panel of judges - 1st time! But for various reasons he ended up nominating seven new judges over his term in office.But for various reasons he ended up nominating seven new judges over his term in office.

Works Progress Administration 1935 – 1943, $11 billion spent to create jobs.1935 – 1943, $11 billion spent to create jobs. –850 airports –651,000 miles of roads –125,000 public buildings

National Youth Administration Provided education, jobs, counseling, and recreation to young people.Provided education, jobs, counseling, and recreation to young people. –Issued part time jobs for students –Found work for drop-outs

The Wagner Act & Fair Labor Standards Act National Labor Relations Act (Sponsored by Senator Robert Wagner) –S–S–S–Supported union rights –P–P–P–Prohibited firing of union members Fair Labor Standards Act –R–R–R–Reduced work week to 40 hours –M–M–M–Minimum wage – 25 cents (40 cents by 1945) –B–B–B–Banned hazardous work for minors

Social Security Act Old Age Insurance – employee paid half and employer paid half.Old Age Insurance – employee paid half and employer paid half. Unemployment Insurance – employees could draw from this if out of work.Unemployment Insurance – employees could draw from this if out of work. Aid to Families w/Dependent Children and the DisabledAid to Families w/Dependent Children and the Disabled

New Deal Impact & Legacy 1.Expanded role of the federal government in the lives of Americans (Social Security) 2.Support - rise of power of unions (CIO) 3.Minor advances for minorities: blacks & Native Americans 4.Support for Keynesian Economics 5.Political realignment of the Democratic and Republican Parties

The WPA “Dollar”

Artists of the WPA

Kansas City from Politics, Farming, & the Law Thomas Hart Benton, 1936 Kansas City from Politics, Farming, & the Law Thomas Hart Benton, 1936

The Annual Move by Otis Dozier, 1936

Construction of the Dam by William Gropper

Women of Flint, MI by Joseph Varak

The Cradle Will Rock, 1937 Orson Welles & John Houseman The theater, when it’s good, is always dangerous!

WPA Bookbinding

The American Guide Series

Former Slave Interviews