1 By: Katerin Gonzalez, Jeizl Jett Crabano, Lizeth Zaragoza, and Sarah Hosely Period 1 1

2 Table of Contents  History of Diabetes  Symptoms  Diagnosis and Prognosis  How it affects the cell  How it spreads  Prevention and Treatment  Things that contribute to this disease  Population of Diabetes in 2011  Bibliography 2

3 What Is Diabetes?  Diabetes is a condition in which the body decides either to not produce enough or to not respond to the insulin.  Diabetes is classed as a metabolism disorder, the way the body digested food for energy.  This disease was named by a Greek man named Aretaeus; diabetes comes from a Greek word meaning “siphon.”  Diabetes is a like siphon because it uses the body as a channel so they can flow out.  There are two types of diabetes; they are classified as diabetes 1ype 1 and 2. Type 1 diabetes is when the body’s immune system attacks the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. Type 2 diabetes is when the body resists insulin or doesn’t produce enough insulin to maintain an average sugar level. 

4 Diabetes Type 1 Symptoms  Increased thirst and frequent urination  Extreme hunger  Weight loss  Fatigue  Blurred vision  Type 1 diabetes mostly occurs on children and young adults.

5 Diabetes Type 2 Symptoms Increased thirst and hunger Dry mouth Frequent urination Unexplained weight loss Fatigue Blurred vision Headaches Loss of consciousness (rare) If you don’t seek medical care immediately, Type 2 diabetes can cause health complications. Type 2 diabetes has no cure, but you can maintain it by exercising daily and having a healthy diet and lifestyle.

6 Diabetes: Diagnosis & Prognosis  Some prognosis of diabetes type 1 generally adjusts the blood sugar and if you treat the disease and maintain it you would have a normal lifestyle. Some prognosis of diabetes type 2 can lead us with problems in our eyes, kidneys, heart and other parts of your body.  Man and women both have the risk to have heart attacks, but of you take care of your blood sugar you wouldn’t have that much of a risk.

7 How Diabetes can affect your cells  Diabetes affect the cells by having too much sugar  Diabetes also affects the cells because the glucose gets in the nerve cells.  Nerve cells allow glucose in with out insulin, however without insulin there the nerve cell doesn’t use the glucose properly and the sugar accumulates in the cell. Over time this will damage the nerve cell, causing it to die.  Diabetes can also affect your blood vessels, which are also made up of cells. As the sugar builds up in these cells, it swells them up causing a narrowing of the blood vessel. This causes the circulation in the feet, kidneys, and eyes to go down. This is why people with diabetes often loose their legs, their eye sight, and kidney function.

8 How does Diabetes Spread? Diabetes isn’t a disease that can spread from person to person like the flu, so you can’t “catch” the disease. Diabetes is caused by the things that happen in your body and they are not contagious. You can get diabetes by: irregular diet (fatty foods) obesity sedentary living family history lack or exercise

9 Prevention and Treatment  So far, scientists don’t know of a way to prevent type 1 diabetes. However, type 2 diabetes can be prevented in these ways:  controlling your weight by eating a healthy low-fat and high-fiber diet  regular exercise  quit smoking and the use of alcohol  take medication as directed by a doctor if you have high blood fat levels  If you have diabetes, you should make healthy lifestyle decisions. This will help improve your blood sugar and minimize health complications. Some ways of treatment are:  healthy diet  daily exercise  quit alcohol and smoking  check blood sugar level frequently  drink a lot of water and avoid too much salt

10 Things that contribute to Diabetes  Some things that contribute to diabetes are:  family history  unhealthy lifestyle  age  physical inactivity  obesity  pregnancy 10

11 Populations Of Diabetes Year 2011  China 90.0  USA 61.3  Russia 12.6  Brazil 12.4  Japan 10.7  Mexico 10.3  Bangladesh 8.4  Egypt 7.3  Indonesia 7.3

12 Bibliography         