Chapter 1: Group Work: An Introduction Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark D. Stauffer

Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer The History of Group Work Beginnings Joseph Hersey Pratt → Tuberculosis Cody Marsh Edward Lazell → Psychotics Alfred Adler and Rudolph Dreikurs → Families and children

Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer The History of Group Work Beginnings Jesse B. Davis → Vocational guidance Frank Parsons → Vocational Trigant Burrow → Group analysis Jacob L. Moreno → Psychodrama

Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer The History of Group Work 1930s Louis Wender → Family transference manifestation Loretta Bender → Children Betty Gabriel → Adolescents S. R. Slavson → Activity therapy groups Alcoholics Anonymous

Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer The History of Group Work 1940s WWII (Samuel Hadden, Harris Pick, Irving Berger, Donald Shaskan, William C. Menniger, Joshua Bierer, S. H. Foulkes, and Wilfred R. Bion) Kurt Lewin → Field theory and Gestalt Psychology T-groups (training groups)

Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer The History of Group Work 1940s American Society of Group Psychotherapy and Psychodrama founded by J. L. Moreno American Group Psychotherapy Association founded by S. R. Slavson

Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer The History of Group Work 1950s J. J. Geller → Elderly Family Counseling (Rudolph Dreikurs, John Bell, Nathan Ackerman, Gregory Bateson, and Virginia Satir)

Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer The History of Group Work 1960s and 1970s Community mental health centers Nontraditional groups Transcendental meditation The encounter group

Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer The History of Group Work 1960s and 1970s Fritz Perls → Gestalt therapy Eric Berne → Transactional analysis William C. Shultz → Nonverbal communication in groups Jack Gibb → Cooperative vs. competitive behavior in groups Carl Rogers → Encounter group

Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer The History of Group Work 1960s and 1970s Association For Specialists in Group Work (ASGW) American Psychological Association (APA) National Association of Social Workers (NASW)

Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer The History of Group Work 1980s Groups for specialized populations (e.g., alcoholics, incest victims, overweight people, grief and loss, etc.) ASGW ethical standards for group work Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP)

Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer The History of Group Work 1990s and Beyond ASGW Core competencies and specialization requirements Four types of groups Supervision CACREP Revised accreditation standards Identified essential curricular elements

Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer Goals for Groups General goals for groups Goals for specialized groups Goals based on theoretical perspectives Goals developed by group members

Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer Types of Groups Task/work groups Guidance/psychoeducational groups Counseling groups Psychotherapy groups Other models for group work

Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer Composition of Groups Heterogeneous or mixed-gender group composition Social microcosm Confrontation of self-defeating behavior Focus on the present Reality testing Generation of gender-based anxiety

Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer Composition of Groups Homogeneous or same-gender group composition All-female groups All-male groups

Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer Therapeutic Factors in Groups Yalom’s curative factors Instillation of hope Universality Imparting of information Altruism The corrective recapitulation of the primary family group Development of socialization Imitative behavior Interpersonal learning Group cohesiveness Catharsis Existential factors

Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer Personal Characteristics of Group Leaders Presence Personal power Courage Self-awareness Belief in the group process Inventiveness

Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer Personal Characteristics of Group Leaders Stamina and energy Goodwill and caring Openness Awareness of one’s own culture Nondefensiveness in coping with attacks Sense of humor Personal dedication and commitment Willingness to model Willingness to seek new experiences

Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer Myths Connected with Group Work 1. Everyone benefits from group experience. 2. Groups can be composed in a way that assures success. 3. The group revolves around the leader’s charisma.

Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer Myths Connected with Group Work 4. Leaders can direct groups through structured exercises or experiences. 5. Therapeutic change in groups comes about through here-and-now experiences. 6. Major member learning in groups is derived from self-disclosure and feedback.

Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer Myths Connected with Group Work 7. A leader does not have to understand group process and group dynamics. 8. Changes made by group participants are not maintained. 9. A group is a place to get emotionally high.

Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer Myths Connected with Group Work 10. A group’s purpose is to make members close to every other member. 11. Group participation results in brainwashing. 12. To benefit from a group, a member has to be dysfunctional.