ENG 202: Informative Speech Tips Notes from Human Communication, 5/e

Figure 10.1 Selecting and narrowing a topic. Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved.

Adapting to the Audience Your language Your topic Your purpose and goal – Immediate – Long-range Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved.

BEING CREDIBLE AND USING EVIDENCE Ch. 11

Credibility Four Aspects of Credibility (Audience perception of speaker’s effectiveness) Competence Trustworthiness Dynamism Common ground Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved.

How credible are these sources? Source Topics ReligionEducationEconomicsPolitics Your mother Your speech professor A philosophy professor A millionaire A medical doctor SCC’s president, Joan Bailey Your state senator A psychiatrist 1 = Not credible 2 = Average credibility 3 = Highly credible

Information Sources Personal experience People resources Written and visual resources Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved.

8

9 Figure 11.1 Breaking down Web addresses. Most credible

Research Strategy Refine topic Research as a process Use variety of sources Evaluate sources carefully 10 Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved.

Citing Sources of Information Bibliographic references Internal references Verbal citations 11 Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved.

12

Supporting Materials Examples Narratives Surveys 13 Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved.

Supporting Materials Testimonial evidence – Lay testimony – Expert testimony – Celebrity testimony 14 Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved.

Supporting Materials Numbers and statistics Analogies Explanations Definitions 15 Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved.

Ethical Considerations Source credibility Use of supporting material – Plagiarism – Incremental plagiarism – Two-sided argument 16 Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved.

ORGANIZING YOUR SPEECH Ch. 12 Use outline template on course website:

Creating the Introduction Gain and maintain attention Arouse audience interest State purpose or thesis Establish qualifications Forecast development and organization 18 Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved.

Don’ts Introduction Don’ts Beginning speech as you walk up front Making negative comments about yourself or your abilities Signaling lack of confidence through nonverbals Making negative comments about your message 19 Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved.

Functions of Body of Speech Increase audience knowledge Change audience’s attitudes or actions Present arguments, stories, and/or ideas Provide support for arguments and/or ideas Indicate sources of information 20 Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved.

Transitions and Signposts Transitions – Bridge between sections of message Signposts – Signal where message is going 21 Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved.

22

Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved. 23

Functions of Conclusion Brakelight function Review central idea and main points Specify audience reaction End to reinforce audience reaction 24 Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved.

Don’ts Conclusion Don’ts Ending abruptly or with no forewarning Providing detailed replay of everything you just said Saying negative things about your presentation Using negative nonverbal messages 25 Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved.

References Purpose is to inform the audience of your sources and enable them to check the sources Style = MLA Use Purdue OWL website for information on how to create a “Works Cited” page. Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved. 26

Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved.

Modes of Delivery Extemporaneous Impromptu Manuscript Memorized 28 Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved.

Vocal Aspects of Presentation Pitch Rate Pauses – Vocalized pauses Volume 29 Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved.

Vocal Aspects of Presentation Enunciation – Pronunciation – Articulation Fluency Vocal variety 30 Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved.

Nonverbal Aspects of Presentation Gestures Facial expressions Eye contact Movement 31 Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved.

Figure 13.1 Tips for gesturing effectively. Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved. 32

Reducing Communication Apprehension Skills approach Positive thinking approach Visualization approach Relaxation techniques 33 Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved.

34

Figure 13.2 Calming normal communication apprehension. Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved. 35

USING VISUAL RESOURCES Ch. 13

Reasons to Use Visual Resources Enables audience to understand Reinforces message 37 Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved.

Figure 13.3 Immediate and delayed retention of spoken and viewed information. Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved. 38

Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved. 39

Principles to Follow When Using Visual Resources Use images, not words Use the rule of thirds Minimize details Use what’s available 40 Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved.

Figure 13.4 Tips for using visual resources. Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved. 41

Figure 13.5 Using images rather than words on a slide is more effective. Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved. 42

Figure 13.6 Following the rule of thirds can add visual interest to your slides. Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved. 43

Figure 13.7 Cluttering a slide with too much information can diminish its impact. Copyright © 2013, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All Rights Reserved. 44