UNION COLLEGE WEATHER STATION Brian Kruppenbacker Jeffrey D’Alessandro Advisor: Professor Traver

Goals Design and implement a weather station for the Union College campus community Design and implement a weather station for the Union College campus community Record Record TemperatureRelative humidity Barometric pressurePrecipitation UV indexWind speed Wind direction Calculate Calculate Wind chill & Dew point Display current and archived measurement data at weather.union.edu Display current and archived measurement data at weather.union.edu

Performance Criteria Measurements must have accuracy within 5% Measurements must have accuracy within 5% The measurements must represent the current weather conditions The measurements must represent the current weather conditions The computer must store the measurement data for future reference The computer must store the measurement data for future reference The system must be able to run for a long period of time (years) The system must be able to run for a long period of time (years) The station must be low maintenance The station must be low maintenance Any malfunctions must be easy to fix Any malfunctions must be easy to fix

Behavior Sensor station located on roof of F.W. Olin building will record measurements Sensor station located on roof of F.W. Olin building will record measurements Sensor station sends data to a computer Sensor station sends data to a computer Computer will perform the additional calculations needed Computer will perform the additional calculations needed Computer will store all measurements Computer will store all measurements Computer will generate webpage to display most recent measurements Computer will generate webpage to display most recent measurements Webpage will allow users to view archived measurement data Webpage will allow users to view archived measurement data Sensor Station Hard Drive

Our Design Sensor Station Structure Communication Server

Types of Sensors DIGITAL Based on number of pulses Precipitation Wind Speed ANALOG Based on voltage Temperature Relative Humidity Barometric Pressure Ultra-Violet Wind Direction

Sensors: Analog 8051 Microcontroller Analog to Digital Converter 8051 Microcontroller Analog to Digital Converter All sensor outputs were adjusted to fit between the range of 0 and 2.5 volts through the use of voltage dividers All sensor outputs were adjusted to fit between the range of 0 and 2.5 volts through the use of voltage dividers The voltage division is then taken into account when the measurements are calculated The voltage division is then taken into account when the measurements are calculated

Sensors: Digital 8051 Microcontroller Programmable Counter Array 8051 Microcontroller Programmable Counter Array Signal bounce is handled using both software and hardware approaches Signal bounce is handled using both software and hardware approaches Measurements are calculated based on the number of pulses and the number of pulses within a time frame Measurements are calculated based on the number of pulses and the number of pulses within a time frame Pulses are counted using interrupts Pulses are counted using interrupts

Sensor Station: Microcontroller Start Setup Precepitation and Wind Speed (Interrupts) Get Temperature Get Relative Humidity Get Barometric Pressure Get UV Get Wind Direction Check for ENQ Turn off Interrupts Send Data If sent correctly, reset Precip and Wind Speed Counters Turn Interrupts back on ENQ _____

Structure Location: Location: F.W. Olin Building Power: Power: 120 volts from building Safety: Safety: Grounded (lightning) Circuit Breakers

Communication The server will poll the microcontroller for new data every 60 seconds The server will poll the microcontroller for new data every 60 seconds A communication protocol was created A communication protocol was created Serial Communication via Ethernet using Quatech Serial Device Server Serial Communication via Ethernet using Quatech Serial Device Server

Communication: Serial Device Server Encapsulates serial data coming from the microcontroller and sends it over Ethernet Encapsulates serial data coming from the microcontroller and sends it over Ethernet Device software on server receives data and creates a virtual serial port Device software on server receives data and creates a virtual serial port Server uses virtual serial port as if it were an actual serial port Server uses virtual serial port as if it were an actual serial port

Communication: Protocols StartEmit ENQ Emit ACK Emit NAK SYNDATA Checksum Good Checksum Done Bad Checksum Checksum DATA SYN TIMEOUT Server-side Protocol

Server Polls the microcontroller for data Polls the microcontroller for data Calculates Calculates –Wind Chill and Dew Point –Averages, Highs, Lows, and Totals Store measurement data Store measurement data Generate webpage Generate webpage –Current Weather Conditions –Archived Weather Measurement Data

Server: Data Flow Diagram Data AcquisitionCalculations Current Weather Measurements File/Database Archived Weather Measurements File/Database Archived Measurements Manager Web Page Generator

Server: Website PHP is used to read the current weather measurement data from a file and display the conditions PHP is used to read the current weather measurement data from a file and display the conditions Archived data can be viewed by selecting the month, day, and/or year Archived data can be viewed by selecting the month, day, and/or year

Results All of the sensors have accuracy within 5% All of the sensors have accuracy within 5% All measurements accurately depict the current weather conditions of the area All measurements accurately depict the current weather conditions of the area The sensors purchased are low maintenance The sensors purchased are low maintenance Station repairs will be simple and explained in a manual Station repairs will be simple and explained in a manual

Conclusion System design and implementation System design and implementation How to handle signal bouncing using both software and hardware approaches How to handle signal bouncing using both software and hardware approaches Serial Communication Serial Communication PHP and HTML PHP and HTML Teamwork and time management skills Teamwork and time management skills What we learned:

Future Work Add additional sensors to the station Add additional sensors to the station Implement a database to store the current and archived measurement data Implement a database to store the current and archived measurement data Implement a data management program to compress and perform calculations on archived data Implement a data management program to compress and perform calculations on archived data Adjust website to obtain the data from the database Adjust website to obtain the data from the database Build station structure and mount on top of F.W. Olin building Build station structure and mount on top of F.W. Olin building

Thank You Professor Traver Professor Traver Professor Hedrick Professor Hedrick Professor Spallholtz Professor Spallholtz Professor Almstead Professor Almstead

Questions