1-1 Nuclear Forensics Summer School Introduction Course developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory, Livermore National Laboratory, University of Nevada, Las Vegas and Washington State University Class organization §Outcomes §Grading §Schedule §Laboratory component The goal of summer program is to develop, initiate, and implement a comprehensive, experimental, hands-on training curriculum in topics essential to nuclear forensics as a means of attracting students to pursue graduate studies in technical fields relevant to nuclear forensics.

1-2 Introduction For nuclear forensics identification of signatures key in tracing information on material Date of production or separation Method of production or separation Techniques in production or formulation Location of production Class location and time §Daily and §WRI 223 (Special topic lecture location may be changed to larger classroom) Web page: radchem.nevada.edu/nfss

1-3 Course Outcomes 1.Understand and utilize the chart of the nuclides §Data àCross sections, fission yields, half-life, percent abundance, decay modes, energies, isotopic mass, spin, parity, metastable states §Basis for reactions §Parent-daughter relationships 2.Comprehend the different modes of radioactive decay §Alpha, beta, positron, electron capture, gamma, isomeric transition, spontaneous fission, neutron, proton, cluster decay 3.Understand the components of the nucleus and how it influences nuclear properties §Number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus

1-4 Course Outcomes 4.Understand how fission is induced and the resulting products §Induced fission, spontaneous fission, role of neutron energetics and fissile isotope in fission product distribution 5.Understand and apply radiation detection or mass spectroscopy to determine isotope concentration or ratios §Isotope-energy relationships §mass spectroscopy techniques and limitations Understand fundamental components and chemistry in the nuclear fuel cycle §Separation of actinides and fission products àSolvent extraction chemistry, ion chromatography §Role of oxidation state and ionic radius in dictating separations

1-5 Course Outcomes 6.Understand fundamental components and chemistry in the nuclear fuel cycle §Actinide separations §Solvent extraction and ion exchange 7.Understand the chemistry of key radionuclides in application important to nuclear forensics §Actinides àFissile components àEnrichment àProduction from neutron reactions §Fission products àProduction methods àFissile material àSource of fission products

1-6 Course Outcomes 8.Understanding the application of analytical methods in characterizing materials §Radiochemical, radioanalytical, §Microscopic §analytical àMass spectroscopy, chemical composition 9.Knowledge of contemporary issues in nuclear forensics §Materials §Techniques §Direction

1-7 Grading Lecture course §One final scheduled §Can provide weekly exams (take home) àCan vary this week based on student input Laboratory §Varied laboratory locations (Health Physics and HRC) §Write up of laboratory àBased on manuscript format *Abstract *Introduction *Methods *Results/Conclusion *Discussion Øforensic and signature application ØImprovement of laboratory module

1-8 Schedule

1-9 Schedule

1-10 Laboratory Divided into 2-4 hour modules §Each student group will do two modules each laboratory day à6 total laboratory modules à1 module with all students §2 students per student group àIdentify student groups by Wednesday 26 May Need to take and pass radiation safety training §Lecture followed by exam (passing is greater than 90 %) §Laboratory practical àMethods for safe handling of radioactive materials

1-11 Laboratory Modules Radiation safety §1 st module taken by all students àSwipes, handing of material, general protocols Alpha spectroscopy §Inverse square law §Isotopics §Decay energy branching Gamma spectroscopy §Calibration §Measuring samples

1-12 Laboratory Modules Mass spectroscopy §Introduction to ICP-MS §Determination of concentration §Determination of U isotopics Radiochemical separations §Solvent extraction with tributylphosphate §Separation of Pu from U Formation of oxide ceramics §Precipitation from salts §ZrO 2 §ZrO 2 – UO 2 §Basis for formation of nuclear fuel