AJ 50 – Introduction to Administration of Justice Chapter 10 – Probation, Parole, and Community Corrections

Probation and Parole Probation – Suspended sentence – Conditional freedom from incarceration dependent upon adherence to specific terms – Most common form of criminal sentencing in United States – 58% of those convicted on some type of Probation Parole – Conditional release from prison at the discretion of the Parole Board before expiration of complete sentence – Dependent upon meeting conditions of parole Prisoner Re-entry – Managed return of parolee to the community

Conditions of Probation & Parole General and specific limitations imposed on convicted person/parolee – Based on statutes – May be individualized Revocation – Removal of probationer or parolee from conditional-freedom status – Usually due to violation of terms and conditions Restitution – Court-required repayment of money or services – To victim, victim’s family, community

Pros and Cons Advantages – Lower costs – Employment – Restitution – Community Support and Services – Reduced Criminal Socialization – Opportunity for Rehabilitation Disadvantages – Relative or Perceived Lack of Punishment – Increased Risk to Community – Increased Social Costs to Community

Aspects of the Job Probation Officer = County Parole Officer = State Similarities in duties and responsibilities – Pre-Sentence Investigations – Intake Procedures – Diagnosis and Needs Assessment – Supervision of Client Stresses of the Job – Caseload – Paperwork and Deadlines

Intermediate Sanctions Split Sentencing – Specific confinement followed by probation Shock Probation/Parole – Surprise release from confinement after application Shock Incarceration – “Boot Camp” style of confinement Mixed Sentencing – Combination of “weekends” and probation

Intermediate Sanctions (continued) Community Service – Required public service/work for public agency Intensive Probation Supervision (IPS) – Required frequent face-to-face contacts Home Confinement – “House Arrest”, ordered to stay in own home Remote Location Monitoring – Electronic “bracelet” used to track offenders

Recidivism The repetition of criminal behavior Statistics vary based on number of repeat… – Violations – Arrests – Convictions – Sentences About 60% - 80% of prisoners return to prison within 3 years – 50% are for parole violations

SVORI (DOJ – 2003) Serious Violent Offender Reentry Initiative Three Phases 1. Protect & Prepare – Institutional Programs 2. Control & Restore – Community Transition 3. Sustain & Support – Long-Term Community Support Strategies for Success – Vocational Training/Work-Release Programs – Drug Treatment Programs – Halfway Houses