Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP)

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Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP)

la’kksf/kr jk”Vªh; {k; fu;a=.k dk;ZØe llu~ 1962 ls fofHkUu ftyksa esa jk”Vªh; {k; fu;a=.kdk;ZØe (NTCP) ds vUrxZr lkekU; LokLF; lsok dsÁkFkfed LokLF; lsokvksa ds ek/;e ls {k; jksx gsrqfpfdRlk lsok;sa miyC/k djkbZ xbZaA blds ifj.kkemRlkgtud ugha fudysA  lu~ 1992 esa {k; fu;a=.k dk;ZØe dh leh{kk dh xbZAQyLo:Ik 1993 esa ik;yV VsfLVax ds ckn 1997 lsjk”Vªh; Lrj ij MkWV~l i)fr ij vk/kkfjr la’kksf/krjk”Vªh; {k; fu;a=.k dk;ZØe (RNTCP) ykxw dh xbZA

la’kksf/kr jk”Vªh; {k; fu;a=.k dk;ZØe ds m)s’; m}s’; &  b bl dk;ZØe dk eq[; m)s’; Vh- ch- ds jksfx;ksa dks iw.kZr% Bhd djuk rFkk Vh- ch- ds QSyko dks jksduk gSA Yk{; &  u u;s cyxe /kukRed jksfx;ksa dks jksxeqDr djus dh de ls de 85 izfr’kr nj dks ÁkIr djuk rFkk mls cjdjkj j[kukA  de ls de 70 izfr’kr u;s cyxe /kukRed jksfx;ksa dh [kkst djuk rFkk bl nj dks cjdjkj j[kukA

Hkkjr esa Vh- ch- dk foLrkj ggj o”kZ 18 yk[k Vh- ch0 ds u;s jksxh tqM+ tkrs gSaA ftlesa 8 yk[k cyxe /kukRed gSa] tks fd jksx dks QSyku okys jksxh gSaA ,,d /kukRed cyxe okys jksxh Áfro”kZ 10 ls 15 LoLF; O;fDr;ksa dks bl jksx ls laØfer djrk gSA vvHkh Hkh Hkkjr esa Áfro”kZ 370]000 jksxh Vh- ch- ls ejrs gSaA ;kfufd 1000 O;fDr ÁfrfnuA HHkkjr esa vkt gj rhu feuV ij nks O;fDr Vh- ch- ls ejrk gSA

{k;jksx,d ?kkrd laØked chekjh gS tks fd {k; jksxk.kq ¼ekbØkscsDVhfj;e V~;qcjdqyksfll½ ls QSyrk gS vkSj ;g iksthVho {k;jksx jksxh ls fdlh Hkh LoLF; O;fDr dks yx ldrh gSA Vh- ch- jksxh ds [kk¡lus ;k Nhadus ls Vh- ch- ds thok.kq gok }kjk QSyrs gSaA Vh- ch- fo’ks”k :Ik ls QsQM+kas ij vlj djrh gS] ysfdu bldk vlj ‘kjhj ds vU; Hkkxksa] tSls efLr”d] gfì;ksa] xzafFk;ksa vkfn ij Hkh gks ldrk gSA vkbZ;s igys tkusa {k; jksx D;k gS \

,d {k;jksxh ds QSQM+ksa esa cus LikWV,oa [kkalh ds lkFk fudyrs cSDVhfj;k

{k; jksx dSls QSyrk gS \ Vh- ch- ds jksxk.kq ok;q }kjk QSyrs gSaA tc QsQM+s dh {k; jksxh [kkalrk ;k Nhadrk gS] yk[kksa&djksM+ksa dh la[;k esa Vh- ch- ds jksxk.kq Fkwd ds NksVs d.kksa ds :i esa okrkoj.k esa QSy tkrs gSA cyxe ds NksVs&NksVs d.k tc lkal ds lkFk LoLFk O;fDr ds ‘kjhj esa Áos’k djrs gSa rc LoLFk O;fDr {k; jksx ls xzflr gks ldrk gSA

Vh- ch- dh ‘kadk dc djsa \ ;fn fdlh O;fDr dks nks lIrkg ¼15 fnu½ ;k mlls vf/kd le; ls [kk¡lh gks rks Vh- ch- dh ‘kadk gks ldrh gSA,sls O;fDr;ksa dks utnhdh ljdkjh ÁkFkfed LokLF; dsanz esa cyxe tk¡p gsrq vo’; HkstsaA

 n nks lIrkg ;k blls vf/kd le; dh [kkalh [[kk¡lh ds lkFk cyxe dk vkukA ccq[kkj] [kkl rkSj ij ‘kke dks c<+us okykA llhus esa nnZA ootu dk ?kVukA HHkw[k de yxukA CCyxe ds lkFk ds lkFk [kwu vkukA Vh- ch- ds vU; y{k.k &

{k; jksx dk oxhZdj.k T.B. Positive {k; jksxhA ¼ftuds cyxe esa jksxk.kq vkrs gSaA ykfldk xzafFk;ksa esa gfÏ;ksa o tksM+ esa tuukax o ew=kax esa Luk;q ra= esa vkarksa esa vU; vaxksa esaA Negative {k; jksxhA ¼ftuds cyxe esa jksxk.kq ugha vkrs gSaA Pulmonary TB Extra Pulmonary TB

 N N ew : ,,slk {k; jksxh ftlus iwoZ esa dHkh {k; jksx dk mipkj ugah fy;k gks vFkok fy;k gks rks,d ekg ls de vof/k dk fy;k gks,slk jksxh New d h Js.kh esa vkrk gSA  R Relapse : ,,slk {k; jksxh ftlus iwoZ esa {k; jksx dk iw.kZ mipkj fy;k gks,oa ml mipkj ls og iw.kZr;k Bhd gks pwdk gS,oa Hkfo”; esa mls iqu% {k; jksx ¼iksthVho½ gks tkrk gS,lk jksxh Relapse d h Js.kh esa vkrk gSA  F Failure : ,,slk {k; jksxh tks {k; jksx ds mipkj ds nkSjku iksftVho vkrk jgrk gS] ¼CAT –I esa ikap ekg ds mipkj ds ckn Hkh iksthVho vkrk gS,oa Cat – III esa 2 ekg ckn Qksyksvi esa iksthVho vkrk gS rks,slk ejht Failure dh Js.kh esa vkrk gS,oa,sls ejhtksa dks mDr CAT c an djds Cat – II ‘kq: dh tkrh gSA  T Treatment After Default : ,,slk {k; jksxh ftlus iwoZ esa 1 ekg ls vf/kd le; rd {k; jksx dk mipkj fy;k gks,oa ckn esa mipkj chp esa gh NksM+ fn;k gks ckn esa 2 ekg rd mipkj ugha fy;k gks,oa dqN ekg ckn iqu% og iksthVho vkrk gS rks,sls ejht Treatment After Default dh Js.kh esa vkrk gSA Type of Patient

Outcome of TB Patient CCured : ,,slk iksthVho {k; jksxh ftlus {k; jksx dk iw.kZ mipkj fy;k gks,oa iwjs Qksyksvi djok;sa gks rFkk mu Qksyksvi esa de ls de nks Qksyksvi esa og usxsVho vkrk gks rks,slk iw.kZ mipkfjr jksxh Cured d gykrk gSA TTreatment Complete : ,,slk {k; jksxh ftlus viuk mipkj iw.kZ dj fy;k gksA Treatment Complete dh Js.kh esa vkrk gSA IkksthVho {k; jksxh vxj vk[kjh Qksyksvi ugha djokrk gS rks og Hkh Treatment Complete dh Js.kh esa vkrk gSA DDefaulted : ,,slk {k; jksxh ftlus viuk mipkj chp esa gh v/kqjk NksM+ fn;k gks,oa yxrkj nks ekg rd iqu% mipkj ugha ysrk gks rks,slk jksxh Defaulter d h Js.kh esa vkrk gSa] bl fLFkfr esa LokLF; dk;ZdrkZ dk drZO; gS fd og rqjUr mDr jksxh dh mipkj v/kqjk NksM+us ds dkj.k gksus okyh gkfu;ksa ds ckjs esa le>k dj mipkj tkjh j[ksaA

Vh- ch- dk funku cyxe dh tk¡p gh Vh- ch- jksx irk yxkus dk lqfuf’pr mik; gSA ttc QsQM+s dh Vh- ch- dh “kadk gks rks flQZ cyxe dh tk¡p ls gh bldh iwf’V dh tk ldrh gSA cyxe dh tk¡p ds rhu uewus ysuk fugk;r gh t:jh gSA bblesas igyk uewuk rRdkyhu ml le; fy;k tkuk pkfg;s tc jksxh tk¡p gsrq Á;ksx”kkyk esa vkrk gSA nnqljk uewuk& nqljs fnu lqcg dk rrhljk uewuk& nqljs fnu jksxh tc nqljk uewuk ysdj Á;ksx”kkyk vkrk gS

;;s nks uksa uewuk nks fnuksa ds vUnj fy;s tkus pkfg;sA lkFk gh bu uewuksa dh ekbZØkLdksi }kjk tk¡p gksuh pkfg,A fftl ejht ds rhu esa ls rhuksa ;k nks uewuksa esa {k; jksxk.kq fn[ksa rc gh {k; jksx dh iqf’V gksrh gSA fftuds rhuksa gh uewuksa esa dhVk.kq ugha fn[ksa ;k ftuds ek=,d gh uewus esa {k; jksx.kq fn[ksa mUgsa fpfdRlk vf/kdkjh ds ikl vfxze tk¡p gsrq Hkstuk pkfg,A QQsQM+s ds vykok vU; vo;oksa dh ;{ek dk funku fpfdRld }kjk fd;k tkuk gSA Vh- ch- dk funku

MkWV~l (DOTS) 1- xgu pj.k ( I.P.) % &  bl pj.k esa vkS’kf/k;ka LokLF; dk;ZdrkZ ds lkeus [kkuh gSA  Xkgu pj.k 2 ls 3 ekg rd pyrk gSA  bl pj.k esa jksxh dks lIrkg esa rhu ckj,d fnu NksM+dj nwljs fnu ¼lk/kj.kr;k lkseokj] cq/kokj] “kqØokj½ dks nokbZ;ka nh tkuh gSA lds mijkUr ;fn cyxe dh tk¡p Negative vkrh gS rks (C.P.) ÁkjEHk dh tkrh gSA MkbZjsDVyh vkWCtOMZ fVªVesaV ‘kkWVZ dkslZ bl Á.kkyh ds vUrxrZ {k; jksx dk mipkj nks pj.kksa esa fn;k tkrk gS %&

MkWV~l (DOTS) MkbZjsDVyh vkWCtOMZ fVªVesaV ‘kkWVZ dkslZ 2- lrr~ pj.k%& lrr~ pj.k 4 ls 5 ekg rd pyrk gS  bl pj.k esa jksxh dks ohdyh dEchiSd ?kj ys tkus ds fy, fn;k tkrk tks mls,d fnu NksM+dj nwljs fnu ds fglkc ls lIrkg esa 3 fnu [kkuk gSA  chp ds fnuksa esa mlh ohdyh dksEchiSd esa fn, gq, foVkfeu dh nok Hkh [kkuh gSA  lkIrkfgd iSdsV dh igyh [kqjkd jksxh dks LokLF; dk;ZdrkZ ds lkeus gh [kkuh gSA  jksxh }kjk ?kj ij nokbZ;ka [kk;h tk jgh gS] bldks lqfuf”pr djus gsrq tc og vxys lIrkg dh nok;sa ysus vkos rks iwoZ esa fn;s x;s lkIrkfgd iSdsV dk [kkyh [kksy ns[ksaA  C C.P. esa Hkh nks ekg ds i”pkr~,oa bykt iw.kZ gksus ij jksxh ds cyxe dh tk¡p dh tkuh vko”;d gSA

Effect of Anti TB Drugs on AFB Cap. Rifampicine Tab. Pyrezinamide Tab. Ethambutole Tab. Isoniazid Bacteria

vkS”kf/k;ksa ds fofHkUu oxZ  Category - I  Category - II {k; jksx ds mipkj gsrq nokvksa dks rhu oxksaZ esa ckaVk x;k gSA

Category - I ds vUrxrZ ejhtksa dk Ádkj uu;s Positive cyxe okys {k; jksxhA uu;s Negative cyxe okys jksxh] tks xaHkhj:i ls chekj gSaA QQsQM+s ds vykok vU; vo;oksa ds {k; ds u;sjksxh] tks xaHkhj :i ls chekj gSaA

I.P. C.P. For 2 Month (24 Blister), (Thrice in a week) For 4 Month (18 Blister), (Once in a week)

Category - I

 I I.P. ds nok ds 22 CyhLVj f[kykus ds ckn jksxh dks Qksyksvi cyxe tk¡p gsrq Hkstuk gSA cyxe ds ifj.kke vkus rd 23ok¡ vkSj 24ok¡ iÙkk jksxh dks fu/kkZfjr le; ij f[kyk nsuk gSA  ;fn I.P. ds vUr esa jksxh dk Qksyksvi cyxe tk¡p dk ifj.kke Negative v kos] rks jksxh dks lrr~ pj.k dk dksEchiSd CyhLVj fu/kkZfjr ekinaM ds vuqlkj ÁkjEHk dj nsuk gSA  C C.P. ds 2 ekg ds ckn ¼8ok¡ iÙkk f[kykus ds ckn½ rFkk bZykt ds vUr esa ¼17ok¡ iÙkk [kkus ds ckn½ jksxh dk iqu% Qksyksvi cyxe tk¡p djkuk vko”;d gSA

Category - I  ;fn I.P. ds vUr esa jksxh dk Follow up cyxe tk¡p Positive v kos] rks I.P. dh vkS’kf/k,d ekg ds fy, ¼12 iÙks ½ vkSj nh tk,xhA bl vof/k ds vUr esa ¼ 11ok¡ iÙkk [kkus ds ckn½ jksxh dk iqu% Follow up djkuk vko”;d gSA  bl c<+s gq, ekg ds vUr esa Hkh ;fn tk¡p dk ifj.kke Positive vkos] rks vc ejht dks C.P. d h vkS’kf/k;k¡ “kq: dj nsaxsA

Category - II //kukRed cyxe okys {k; jksxh tks nwljh ckj chekj gqvk gksA {{k; jksxh ftuesa mipkj ysus ds ckn Hkh /kukRed cyxe ik;ktk;sA ppqddÙkkZ ftudk cyxe ijh{k.k /kukRed gksA __.kkRed cyxe okys {k; jksxh ftUgksaus iwoZ esa mipkj fy;kgks] fdUrq orZeku le; esa chekjh ds fuf”pr Áek.k gSaA ds vUrxrZ ejhtksa dk Ádkj

I.P. C.P. Inj. S.M gm for 2 Month (24 Inj.) For 3 Month (36 Blister), (Thrice in a week) For 5 Month (22 Blister), (Once in a week) +

Category - II

II.P. ds nok ds 34 CyhLVj f[kykus ds ckn jksxh dks Follow up cyxe tk¡p gsrq Hkstuk gSA cyxe ds ifj.kke vkus rd 35ok¡ vkSj36ok¡ iÙkk jksxh dks fu/kkZfjr le; ij f[kyk nsuk gSA ;;fn I.P. ds vUr esa jksxh dk Qksyksvi cyxe tk¡p dk ifj.kke Negative vkos] rks jksxh dks C.P. dk dksEchiSd CyhLVj fu/kkZfjrekinaM ds vuqlkj ÁkjEHk dj nsuk gSA CC.P. ds 2 ekg ds ckn ¼8ok¡ iÙkk f[kykus ds ckn½ rFkk bZykt dsvUr esa ¼21ok¡ iÙkk [kkus ds ckn½ jksxh dk iqu% Qksyksvi cyxe tk¡pdjkuk vko”;d gSA

;;fn I.P. ds vUr esa jksxh dk Follow up cyxe tk¡p Positive vkos] rks I.P. dh vkS’kf/k,d ekg ds fy, ¼12 iÙks½ vkSj nh tk,xhA bl vof/k ds vUr esa ¼ 11ok¡ iÙkk [kkusds ckn½ jksxh dk iqu% Qksyksvi tk¡p djkuk vko”;d gSA bbl c<+s gq, ekg ds vUr esa Hkh ;fn tk¡p dk ifj.kke/kukRed vkos] rks vc ejht dks C.P. dh vkS’kf/k;k¡ “kq:dj nsaxs] pkgs xgu pj.k fdrus Hkh le; dk gksA

jksxh dks fuEufyf[kr ckrksa dh tkudkjh nsa & jksxh dks nh tkus okyh nokbZ;ksa dk C;ksjk] nokbZ;ksas ds cDls dk jax o batsD”ku ds ckjs esa tkudkjh nsaA dh ek=k] varjky,oa vof/k ds ckjs esatkudkjh nsaA nokbZ;ksa o bstsD”ku ds laHkkfor gkfudkjd ÁHkko ds ckjs esatkudkjh nsaA cyxe dh tkap dk egÙo,oa fu/kkZfjr le; ij tkap lEcU/kh tkudkjhA cyxe ijh{k.k ds ifj.kke lk/kkj.k Hkk’kk esa jksxh dks le>k,aA

{ k; jksxh dk otu mipkj ls iwoZ 60 fdyks ls vf/kd gks rks mls izR;sd MkWt ds lkFk fjQkEihflu 150 feyh xzke vyx ls nsosa blds fy, vius lhfu;j VªhVesaV lqijokbZtj ls laidZ djsaA ; fn CAT II esa fdlh jksxh dh mez 50 o”kZ ls vf/kd gks rks mls LVªsIVksekbflu bUtsDlu -75 xzke ds ctk; -50 xzke gh nsuk gS] bl gsrq fljhat esa 3 ml fMLVªkby okVj Mky dj SM Voil esa Mky dj fMtkWy djsa,oa mlesa ls dsoy 2 ml fljhat ls fudky ysosaA ckdh 1 ml d ks fxjk nsosaA vfr vko”;d

fdl fcekjh esa {k; jksx dh vkS”kf/k;ksa dks chp esacan djuk iM+rk gS \ {k; jksx ds mipkj ds nkSjku ;fn {k; jksxh dks ihfy;k jksx dh f’kdk;r gks rks rqjUr {k; jksx dk mipkj can dj mls utnhdh fpfdRlk vf/kdkjh ds ikl HkstsaA ihfy;k jksxh dks {k; jksx dh vkS”k/kh fcYdqy u ns,oa fpfdRlk vf/kdkjh ls lEidZ djsaA

{k; jksx dk VªhVesaV dkMZ,oa vkbZ dkMZ Hkjuk %

{k; jksx ls eqfDr dh vksj---- utnhdh LokLF; dsUnz MkWV~l i)fr }kjk mipkj mipkj iw.kZ gksus ij mipkjh {k; jksxh nks lIrkg ;k blls vf/kd le; dh [kkalh ¼laHkkfor {k; jksxh½

{k; jksx dks tM+ ls [kRe djus gsrq vke vkneh dh Hkkxhnkjh vko”;d gSA

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