French and Indian War

French building forts in the Ohio Valley angered the English. Causes of Conflict

Governor Dinwiddie ordered GW to tell the French to leave ( May, 1754 ). VA militia killed a French “ambassador” by mistake. French forces outnumbered GW and VA militia. GW built Fort Necessity. French forces captured GW and sent him home embarrassed. George’s First Command

BACK TO LESSON - Ben. Franklin published this cartoon in 1754 urging colonies to unite for defense. Join, or Die (1754), Benjamin Franklin Albany Plan of Union - 7 Colonies sent representatives to Albany, NY to devise a common government - Not one colony approved the “Albany Plan.”

Why the British Beat the French The British sent General Pitt with more soldiers and they began to win battles The Iroquois Confederation (six Indian tribes) sided with the British After two major British victories at Quebec and Montreal the British had captured Canada and won the war.

European Claims in North America, 1754 and 1763 Back to Maps BACK TO LESSON North America: Before and After

 Pontiac ’ s Rebellion The Aftermath: Tensions Along the Frontier In 1762, Pontiac enlisted support from practically every Indian tribe from Lake Superior to the lower Mississippi for a joint campaign to expel the British from the formerly French lands. The British suffered heavy losses. Failing to get the support of the French and the tribes in the west, Pontiac signed a peace treaty in 1766.

Proclamation of 1763 King George III declared the Appalachian Mountains as the western boundary –to separate the colonists from the Indians –to prevent bloody Indian wars and –Reduce expenses of protecting colonies Proclamation of 1763 created tension between Britain and the colonies because the colonists felt like the King was trying to control them.

American colonists forbidden to cross Appalachian Mountains

Effects of the War Treaty of Paris (ended the war) The French lost all of their North American lands The British, wanting to avoid conflict with Native Americans passed the Proclamation of This proclamation forbade colonists from going west of the Appalachian Mountains. The British went into a lot of debt to win the war. They believed the victory in the war would benefit the colonies and expected them to help pay the debt. So the British began to raise taxes starting with the Sugar Act(1764).

Colonial Reaction to the Proclamation and the Sugar Act Colonists were angry about the Proclamation of 1763 and refused to obey it. They were angry because the British had left the colonies alone (Salutary Neglect) for the most part and were not use to British control. Salutary Neglect: the British act of not strictly enforcing commercial laws with the colonies. Colonists were infuriated with the Sugar Act because they had no representation in Parliament.