1 Mobile ad hoc networking with a view of 4G wireless: Imperatives and challenges Myungchul Kim Tel:

2 by J. Liu and Imrich Chlamtac, Ch 1 of Mobile Ad Hoc Networking, Wiley-Interscience, Introduction –Mobile devices –The worldwide number of cellular users has been doubling every 1 1/2 years. –The number of mobile connections and the number of shipments of mobile and Internet terminals will grow by another 20-50%. -> the total number of mobile Internet users soon to exceed that of fixed-line Internet users. –Situations in which user-required infrastructure is not available, cannot be installed, or cannot be installed in time in a given geographic area. -> mobile ad hoc network. –Ad hoc networking: the 4G network architecture.

3 Review of wireless network evolution –Wireless communication characteristics

4 Review of wireless network evolution –Wireless communication characteristics

5 –Types of wireless networks By network formation and architecture: infrastructure-based network, Infrastructureless (ad hoc) network. By communication coverage area: –wireless wide area networks (Wireless WANs) e.g., cellular networks –wireless metropolitan area networks (Wireless MANs) e.g., local multipoint distribution services (LMDS), multichannel multipoint distribution services (MMDS) and IEEE –wireless LANs e.g., (Wi-Fi) and Hiperlan2 –wireless personal area networks (Wireless PANs): 10 meter range, e.g., Bluetooth and infrared light. By access technology –GSM, TDMA, CDMA, Sattellite, Wi-Fi, Hiperlan2, Bluetooth, Infrared. By network applications –Enterprise, Home, Tactical, Sensor, Pervasive, Wearable Computing, Automated Vehicle Networks.

6 –Table 1.1

7 –Table 1.1 – cont’

8 –Forces driving wireless technology evolution The need to integrate various types of wirless networks The need to integrate wireless platforms with fixed network backbone infrastructure The need to support high-speed multimedia services The need for convergence in network infrastructure The need to support high mobility and device portability The need to support noninfrastructure-based networks The need to add location intelligence The need to lower the cost of wireless services The need for greater standard interoperability.

9 –4G wireless architecture and capabilities ]integrating different types of wireless networks with wireline backbone networks seamlessly and the convergence of voice, multimedia, and data traffic over a single IP-based core network. Network integration All-IP networks, e.g., VoIP Lower cost and higher efficiency Ultrahigh speed and multimedia applications Ubiquitous computing Support of Ad Hoc networking (MANET) Location intelligence

10 –Fig 1.1

11 Mobile Ad Hoc Networks –Characteristics and advantages

12 –Table 1.2

13 –Table 1.2 – cont’

14 –Design issues and constraints They are infrastructureless: brings added difficulty in fault detection and management. Dynamically changing network topologies Physical layer limitation: hidden terminal problem, collisions, packet loss Limited link bandwidth and quality Variation in link and node capabilities Energy constrained operation Network robustness and reliability Network security Network scalability Quality of Service