RTI, Jammu1 Team building and group dynamics Presentation by: Regional Training Institute, Jammu

RTI, Jammu2 Session overview Considerable attention to be given to team building Activities included in team building typically include goal setting, development of interpersonal relations among team members, role analysis to clarify each members role and team process analysis

RTI, Jammu3 Learning objective At the end of the session, the learner will be able to understand the need for formation of groups, various theories of group formation as also importance of group tasks and decision making.

RTI, Jammu4 Basic concepts Group refers to any number of people who share goals, often communicate with one another over a period of time, and are few enough so that each individual may communicate with all the others, person to person.

RTI, Jammu5 Important features of a group  Any( few ) number of people  Group members to share goals and communicate with one another.

RTI, Jammu6 Theories of group formation Propinquity theory Activities, Interactions and Sentiments theory(AIS theory) Balancing theory Exchange theory

RTI, Jammu7 Five stage model of group formation Forming stage Storming stage Norming stage Performing stage Adjourning stage

RTI, Jammu8 Types of groups Primary groups Coalitions

RTI, Jammu9 Primary Groups In Primary groups there must exist a feeling of comradeship with loyalty and a collective sense of values amongst its members Primary groups are small groups but all small groups may not be primary groups Example-Family

RTI, Jammu10 Coalitions A coalition can be said to be an interacting group of individuals deliberately constructed for a specific purpose by its members.

RTI, Jammu11 Coalition-Key charactersitics Coalitions are independent of the formal organisation’s structure and do not have a formal internal structure. Coalitions are issue oriented so as to advance the purpose of its members and possess a mutual perception of membership. Coalitions can take external forms with concerted member action (s), with members acting as a group

RTI, Jammu12 Groups relevant in Organisational context Formal Informal

RTI, Jammu13 Formal Groups In a formal group members should:-  know why the group exists  have shared goals  support the agreed upon procedures for decision making  freely communicate with each other  learn to receive help and also give help to one another  learn to resolve conflict within the group  ideally learn to understand individual and group processes so as to help to improve their own as well as group’s functioning

RTI, Jammu14 Informal groups Developed from the day-to-day interactions, activities, so as to satisfy social needs of members. Such groups help to improve communication and create a healthy organisational ambience. Such groups can exercise power over individual members by manipulating rewards and thus pressurize members to conform to their standards of behaviour.

RTI, Jammu15 Group Structure Group structure variables:  Leader  Role  Norms  Status  Size and composition of group  Group cohesiveness

RTI, Jammu16 Leader The group’s formal leader has got to play a major role in the group’s successful performance and such leaders are designated titles such as department head, supervisor, foreman, team leader, project leader and so on.

RTI, Jammu17 Role Role Identity Refers to attaining attitudes and the actual behaviours which will be consistent with a particular role Role Perception is based on one’s perception of how he or she is supposed to behave and act in a particular situation Role Expectation Will be built up to a large extent in the context of how others believe one should act in a given situation Role conflict Is the outcome, when an individual is confronted with situations involving divergent expectations and compliance to match various roles

RTI, Jammu18 Norms Acceptable terms of behaviour, which tell members what they ought to and ought not to do under certain circumstances

RTI, Jammu19 Status Socially defined as a position or rank accorded to the group or group members by others in the society

RTI, Jammu20 Size and composition of group Smaller sized groups are able to complete tasks (taking actions) faster as compared to larger ones. Larger groups are more effective in problem solving issues or say for fact finding. While framing groups take care of “loafing”

RTI, Jammu21 Group cohesiveness refers to the degree to which group members like to be together, are attracted and motivated to stay in the group. reveals the strength of the members desiring to remain in a group and their commitment to it.

RTI, Jammu22 Groupthink Groupthink is an agreement of ‘At- any-cost’ mentality adopted by the team which may result in ineffective team decision making and poor decisions.

RTI, Jammu23 Group think-Charactersitics  An illusion of invulnerability displayed by excessive optimism encouraging taking extreme risks.  An unquestioned faith and belief in the group(team) ignoring the consequences of their decisions.  Direct pressure to stop all attempts made by the team member who raises voice against the team’s illusions or stereo types or commitment.

RTI, Jammu24 Suggestions to reduce groupthink Encourage the group leaders to play an impartial role. Appoint a group member with the role of a challenger-to challenge the majority position and offer divergent views. Encourage group members to have active discussions on diverse alternatives, the likely risks involved in the discussions and potential gains.

RTI, Jammu25 Team A team may be defined as a small number of employees with complementary competencies in terms of abilities, skills and knowledge who are committed to common performance goals and working relationships for which they hold themselves mutually accountable.”

RTI, Jammu26 Types of work teams Functional teams Problem solving teams Self managed work teams Cross functional teams Virtual teams

RTI, Jammu27 Team work-challenges oHow to convert individuals into team players and deliver in a team? oHow to handle conflicts?

RTI, Jammu28 How to convert individuals into team players By installing the spirit of communicating openly and honestly with each other By confronting differences and resolving conflicts and to put ahead the goals of the team even before personal goals

RTI, Jammu29 How to handle conflicts? Inculcate the spirit of collectivism through making conscious efforts and help employees overcome individualistic tendencies and work towards team or group goals.

RTI, Jammu30 Components for creating effective work teams Work design Composition of the team Context Process