Unit 1.2. Opportunities and Pathways 19 TH CENTURY PUBLIC SCHOOLS

LEARNING OBJECTIVES KNOW THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PUBLIC & STATE SCHOOLS UNDERSTAND THE INFLUENCE OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN THE CODIFICATION OF SPORT BE ABLE TO EXPLAIN HOW DR THOMAS ARNOLD INFLUENCED THE CODIFICATION OF SPORT IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS

TASK 1 1.LIST 4 EFFECTS THAT THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION HAD ON SPORT

ANSWERS 1. TRANSPORT LINKS – CREATION OF LEAGUES / COMPETITIONS 2. URBANISATION – CREATION OF TEAMS 3. LACK OF SPACE – NEED FOR BOUNDARIES / LIMITED NUMBERS 4. EDUCATED “MIDDLE CLASS” – RULES WRITTEN AND AGREED 5. NEW SKILLS LEARNED – USED IN SPORT, EG. ROWING 6. SPECTATORISM – DUE TO LESS PARTICIPATING

PUBLIC SCHOOLS The Development of Competitive SportFestivals of Sport EXCLUSIVE & ELITIST UPPER CLASS – RICH BOYS ONLY BOARDING – STUDENTS LIVED ON SITE CONDITIONS WERE TOUGH – NEED TO LET OFF STEAM LOTS OF TIME SPARE – NEEDED TO BE OCCUPIED IN PURPOSEFUL WAYS – GAMES FEES WENT TOWARDS DEVELOPING FACILITIES SUCH AS GYMNASIUMS & SWIMMING BATHS EGS. RUGBY, ETON, HARROW, WINCHESTER, ST PAULS

PUBLIC SCHOOLS The Development of Competitive SportFestivals of Sport MANY GAMES WERE BROUGHT IN FROM HOME & ADAPTED TO SUIT THE FACILITIES AVAILABLE THESE WERE BRUTAL & VIOLENT MASTERS WERE STRICT & BRUTAL IN THE CLASSROOM BUT DID NOT CARE FOR GAMES BULLYING WAS A MAJOR FORCE IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS “INSTITUTIONALISED POPULAR RECREATIONS”

NEED FOR CHANGE PUBLIC SCHOOLS UNDERWENT REFORM DR THOMAS ARNOLD – RUGBY SCHOOL WANTED TO PRODUCE GOOD CHRISTIAN GENTLEMEN WITH MORAL VALUES MUSCULAR CHRISTIANITY – THE COMBINATION OF GODLINESS AND MANLINESS: THE BELIEF IN HAVING A STRONG AND FIT BODY TO MATCH A ROBUST AND HEALTHY SOUL. The Development of Competitive SportThe rationalisation of sport

RUGBY SCHOOL REFORMS DR ARNOLD USED GAMES AS A FORM OF SOCIAL CONTROL MORE TRUSTING RELATIONSHIP WITH 6 TH FORM – RAISING THEIR POWERS OF DISCIPLINE INTRODUCTION OF HOUSE SYSTEM, INTER HOUSE FIXTURES MASTERS BECAME MENTORS / GUIDES – LESS STRICT TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTS – BETTER ORGANISED, MORE REGULARITY The Development of Competitive SportThe rationalisation of sport

REFORM CONTINUED ATHLETICISM – COMBINATION OF MORAL INTEGRITY AND PHYSICAL EFFORT OR PLAYING HARD BUT WITH SPORTSMANSHIP MUSCULAR CHRISTIANITY DEVELOPED FURTHER – LOSE WITH DIGNITY OR WIN WITH GRACE FAIR PLAY & SPORTSMANSHIP BECAME CENTRAL TO PUBLIC SCHOOL SPORT RULES WERE READILY ADHERED TO FACILITIES DEVELOPED FURTHER – “MAGNIFICENT” DEVELOPMENT OF SCHOOL “COLOURS” The Development of Competitive SportThe rationalisation of sport

Roles of team games in preparing public schoolboys for leadership Teamwork/loyalty to a team Captains in sport then captain in industry Making decisions Leading by example Organisational experience through committees Testing/developing temperament Testing/developing courage/bravery Roles of team games in preparing public schoolboys for leadership Teamwork/loyalty to a team Captains in sport then captain in industry Making decisions Leading by example Organisational experience through committees Testing/developing temperament Testing/developing courage/bravery Roles of team games in preparing public schoolboys for leadership TEAM GAMES IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS TEAM SPORTS IN PARTICULAR WERE BELIEVED TO REFLECT ATHLETICISM, SINCE THEY REQUIRED PARTICIPANTS TO SHOW A RANGE OF PHYSICAL QUALITIES, SUCH AS ENDEAVOUR (PLAYING HARD), EFFORT AND STRIVING TO DO ONE'S BEST, AS PART OF A COLLECTIVE EFFORT.

TASK 2 EXPLAIN THE ROLE OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN THE CODIFICATION OF SPORT. (6 MARKS) EXPLAIN THE TERM ATHLETICISM IN 19 TH CENTURY PUBLIC SCHOOLS (3 MARKS)

THE CLARENDON REPORT OFSTED OF THE 1800’S ORDERED BY QUEEN VICTORIA PUBLIC SCHOOLS WERE CRITICISED AND FURTHER REFORM SUGGESTED SPORT BECAME A KEY FOCUS OF MANY OF THESE REFORMS, EG. ETON & RUGBY

HOMEWORK REVISION – PROGRESS TEST NEXT MONDAY 8 TH OCTOBER WILL COVER SECTION A (HEALTHY, ACTIVE LIFESTYLES) & SECTION B (OPPORTUNITIES & PATHWAYS)